EntranceArmed forces of foreign states plan abstract. Organization, armament and tactics of actions of other armies of the main foreign states. Shooting is not needed, surprise is achieved
Population 6,200 thousand people Military budget $7 billion (2000). Regular aircraft 172,500 people Reserve 425,000 people, including SV - 400,000, Air Force - 20,000, Navy - 5,000. Paramilitary formations - 8,050 people, including border guards - 8,000, BOHR - 50. Acquisition: by invitation. Service life: conscripts - 36 (men) and 21 (women) months. Mob. resources 1.5 million people, including 1.2 million fit for military service
SW: 130,000 people, 3 territorial commands, border protection command, 3 corps headquarters, 3 armored divisions, 3 infantry divisions for the protection of the state border, 2 division headquarters, 4 motorized infantry brigades, 3 self-propelled artillery battalions. Reserve: 8 armored and airmobile divisions, 10 infantry brigades. Armament: more than 20 OTR launchers, 3,900 tanks (1,200 Merkava, 900 M60A1 / 3, 800 Centurion, 300 - M48A5, 200 T-55, 100 T-62, 400 Maga-7), about 5,500 infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, 400 armored personnel carriers, 520 towed artillery guns of 105, 122, 130 and 155 mm calibers, 1,030 SG 105, 155, 175 and 203 mm calibers, more than 396 MLRS, more than 6,470 mortars (5,000 - caliber 60 mm, 700-81 mm, 530 - 120 mm, 240 - 160 mm), up to 1,000 anti-tank missile launchers, 850 anti-aircraft guns and more than 1,250 MANPADS, 48 Chaparel air defense systems.
Air Force: 36 000 people (20,000 sr. w., mainly in air defense), 444 b. With. (250 in cut), 137 b. in. Tactical units and subdivisions: 13 ibae and iae air defense, ttakr, 28 zrbat. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 98 F-15 (A, B, C, D and I), 237 F-16 (A, B, C and D), 70 F-4E, 10 RF-4E, 20 Kfir-C7 "(120 in cut.), 6" Kfir S-2 ", 50 A-4N (another 130 in cut.), 14 Boeing 707, 5 KS-130N, 12 S-47, 24 S-1 ZON, 3 1A1 -200, 6 RC-12D, 15 Do-28,6 King Air 2000, 3 1A1-1124 Sisken, 20 Cessna U-206, 2 Icelander, 12 Queen Air 80, 80 CM -170, 30 Super Cab, 36 AH-1F, 30 Hughes 500MD, 41 AH-64A, HH-65A, 8 AS-565, 40 CH-53D, 10 UH-60, 15 S-70A, 54 Bell 212, 39 Bell 206. UAVs: Scout, Pioneer, Sbger, Fireby, Samson, Deline, Hunter Silva Arrow. SAM: Hawk, Patriot, Chaparel.
Navy: about 6,500 people (including 300 commandos and 2,500 sr. cl.), 3 submarines "Dolphin", 3 KORV "Saar-5", 11 RCA (7 "Saar-4.5" and 4 "Saar-4"), 31 PKA (including 13 Super Dvor, 15 Dabur, 3 Coast Guard).
INDIA
Population 1,016,242 thousand people Military budget $15.9 billion (2000). Regular aircraft 1,303,000 people Reserve 535,000 people, including SV - 300,000, Air Force - 140,000, Navy - 55,000, territorial troops - 40,000. Paramilitary formations 1,066,000 people, including national security forces -7 400, Special Paramilitary Force 3,000, Special Frontier Force 9,000, Rashtri Rifles 36,000, Outpost Force 31,000, Indo-Tibetan Border Police 30,000, Assamese Riflemen 52,000, Railway Guard Force 70,000, central industrial security forces - 88,600, police of the central res. - 160,000, border security forces - 174,000, BOHR - about 5,000, armed provincial police forces - 400,000. Recruitment: on a voluntary basis. Mob. resources 269.3 million people, including 158.1 million fit for military service.
SW: 1,100 thousand people, 5 military districts, 4 field armies, 12 army corps, 35 divisions (3 armored, 4 rapid response, 18 infantry, 9 mountain infantry, artillery), missile regiment, 15 separate (7 armored, 5 infantry, 2 mountain infantry, airborne), 4 anti-aircraft artillery, 3 engineering brigades, missile regiment. Territorial army: 25 pb, 29 separate units. Armament: 3-5 Prithvi OTR launchers, 3414 tanks (700 T-55, 1500 T-72, 1,200 Vijayanta, 14 Arjun), 90 PT-76 light tanks, 1,350 infantry fighting vehicles, 100 BRDM- 2,157 armored personnel carriers, 4,175 towed guns, 180 SGs, 150 MLRS, more than 1,200 mortars, 4,024 ZA guns, about 1,725 air defense systems, 160 AA helicopters.
Air Force: 150,000 people, 772 b. p., 32 b. in. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 73 MiG-29.10 Su-ZOMK, 79 MiG-23 (BN, MF and UM), 147 MiG-27,317 MiG-21 (BIS, MF, PFMA, FL and U), 94 "Jaguar" , 8 MiG-25 (R and U), 35 Mirage-2000 (N and TN), 12 Canberra (B58, PR-57 and PR-67), 2 Boeing 707, 4 Boeing 737, 4 HS- 748, 105 An-32,43 Do-228, 25 Il-76, 120 Kiran-1, 56 Kiran-2, 38 Hunter (F-56, T-66), 34 Mi-25 and Mi-35.80 Mi-8.37 Mi-17, 10 Mi-26, 20 Chitak, 2 Mi-24, more than 280 missiles.
Navy: 53 000 people (including 1,200 in the MP, about 2,000 women). Operational commands: Western, Eastern, Southern, Far Eastern. FLEET: 18 submarines (4 Project 209/1500, 10 Project 877EM, 4 Project 641), 1 AVL "Hermes", 8 EM URO (3 "Delhi", 5 Project 61ME), 1 FR URO "Brahmaputra" , 7 FR (4 "Linder", 3 project 159A), 23 KORV (2 project 1234E, 2 project 25A, 4 "Khukri", 4 project 1241.2, 11 project 1241RE), 3 RCA project 205, 7 PC "Sukania", 8 PKA, 10 recreation centers (2 TDK "Magar", 8 project 773), 10 DC, 18 MTC (12 project 266M, 6 project 1258), 1 OIS, 12 GISU, 2 UK ( including "Linder"), 2 training sailing vessels, 36 APUs (including 1 PBPL, 3 TNZ, 8 TN), 2 BUK. AVIATION: 5,000 people Squadrons: aircraft - 8 (2 ishae, 2 pae, 1 time, 1 tae, 2 utae); helicopters - 9 (6 aircraft PLV, 1 aircraft PSP, 2 utae). Aircraft - 90 (19 "Sea Harrier" FRS.51, "Harrier" T60 / T.4.16 Tu-142.31 Do-228.5 Il-38.11 "Defender", 8 "Jaguar"), helicopters - 84 (29 Sea King Mk42A/B/C, 5 Ka-28, 17 Ka-25, 4 Ka-31, 31 Chitak, 4 Hughes 300). BOHR: about 5,000 people, 12 PCs (3 Samar, 9 Vikram), 21 PCs, 16 boats. Aircraft - 17 Do-228, helicopters - 15 Chitak.
see additionally:
INDONESIA
Population 206,213 thousand people Military budget $2.271 billion (2000). Regular aircraft 297,000 people Reserve 400,000 people Paramilitary formations 207,000 people, including police - 195,000, maritime police - 12,000 (46 PKA), customs. Completion: on call. Service life 24 months. Mob. resources 61.1 million people, including 35.8 million fit for military service.
SW: 230,000 people, 2 infantry division headquarters, 3 infantry and 3 airborne brigades, 2 PA regiments, an anti-aircraft artillery regiment, 87 separate battalions (2 tank, 67 infantry, 8 armored cavalry, 10 engineering), 11 PA divisions, 10 anti-aircraft divisions, mixed AE, helicopter squadron, 5 special forces groups. Armament: 355 light tanks (AMH-13, PT-76, "Scorpion", 70 of them have a 90-mm gun), 143 armored personnel carriers, 461 armored personnel carriers, 285 towed guns, 875 mortars of 81 and 120 mm calibers, 415 anti-aircraft artillery installations , 51 Rapira missile launchers, 42 RBS-70 MANPADS, 10 aircraft and 90 AA helicopters.
Air Force: 27,000 people, 1,081 b. s., b. in. no. Tactical units: 5 ibae, iae air defense, rae, bpae, 4 tae, 3 utae, 3 vae. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 20 A-4.10 F-l 6A and B, 14 Hawk Mk53, 39 Hawk Mkl09 and Mk209, 12 F-5E and F, 12 OV-10F, Boeing 707, 3 Boeing 737-200 , 19 S-130 (V, N and N-30), 2 KS-130V, 4 Cessna 207, 5 Cessna 401.2 S-402.6 F.27-400,3 F.28-1000 and 3000 , 10 NC-212, 23 CN-235, 39 AS 202, 2 Cessna 172, 22 T-34C, 6 T-41D, 10 S-58T, 10 Hughes 500, 11 NAS-330, 4 NBO-105CD, 2 Bell 204.
Navy: 40 000 people (including 13,000 in MP, 1,000 in aviation). FLEET (Western and Eastern Operational Fleets, KMP): 2 submarines pr. 3 "Tribal"), 16 KORV project 1331M, 4 RCA "Dagger", 4 TKA "Lurssen", 16 PKA, 30 DC, including 14 TDK (7 LST-512.6 "Tacoma", "Teluk Amboyna") and 12 KFOR pr. 108, 54 DKA, 13 MTK (2 "Tripartit", 2 pr.254, 9 "Condor-2"), 1 ShK, 9 GISU, PM, 1 TNZ, 2 TN, 3 TR , 1 sail training vessel, 2 BUK. AVIATION: aircraft - 60 (11 CN-235.35 Nomad, 5 Boeing 737.9 F-5E); helicopters - 16 (12 NBO-105C, 1 NAS-332F, 3 Wasp HAS.1). MP: 2 pbr (6 pb), 1 battalion of special forces, 1 ap (PA, air defense). Armament - 100 tanks PT-76, 14 BRDM, 10 infantry fighting vehicles AMX-10 RAS 90, 84 armored personnel carriers (24 AMX-10R, 60 BTR-50P), 48 SG (20 105-mm LG-1 Mk.2, 28 122- mm M-38), 15 140-mm MLRS BM-14.
JORDAN
Population 5 173 thousand people. Military budget $488 million (1999). Regular aircraft 103,880 people Reserve 35,000 people, including SV - 30,000. Paramilitary formations (civil defense forces) 10,000 people, Recruitment: on a voluntary basis. Mob. resources 1.1 million people, including 793 thousand fit for military service
SW: 90,000 people, 4 divisions (2 armored, 2 motorized infantry), 3 separate brigades (royal guard, special forces, PA). Southern Military District: 4 battalions (reconnaissance and 3 infantry). Armament: 1,246 tanks (M-48.354 M-60.270 "Chieftain", 280 "Centurion", 19 "Scorpion"), 32 BMP-2, 1,450 armored personnel carriers, 210 towed guns of 105, 155 and 203 mm caliber, 412 SG, 800 mortars (81, 107 and 120 mm), 640 ATGM launchers, 4,800 106 mm recoilless rifles, 416 ZA guns, 250 Red Eye MANPADS, 50 Osa AA systems, 50 Strela-10 AA systems, 540 MANPADS .
Air Force: 13,500 people, 93 b. s., 16 b. in. Tactical units: 3 ibae, 3 iae air defense, 2 tae, 3 vae, 4 utae, 14 zrbat. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 50 F-5E and F, 16 F-16A and B, 16 F-16A and B, 27 Mirage-F.lCj, Ej, Bj and B, 8 C-130B and H, 4 C -212A, 2 Gulfstream-3, 16 Bulldog, 15 S-101, 12 RA-28-161, 6 RA-34-200 1 L-1011, 24 AN-IS, 9 AS-332M, 3 VO -105, 8 Hughes 500D, 8 UH-60, 3 S-70, SA-319. 80 PU SAM "Improved Hawk".
Navy: 480 people, 10 PCA.
IRAQ
Population 22,300 thousand people Military budget $1.4 billion (1999). Regular aircraft 429,000 people Reserve 650,000 people Paramilitary formations up to 50,000 people, including security units - 15,000, border troops - 20,000, Saddam's fedayeen (volunteer armed formation) - up to 15,000. Manning: by conscription. Service life 18 - 24 months. Mob. resources 5.5 million people, including 3 million fit for military service
SW: 375,000 people, 7 corps headquarters, 23 divisions (3 armored, 3 mechanized, 11 infantry, 6 republican guards), 13 separate brigades (4 republican guards, 2 Special Forces, 7 commandos). Armament: up to 6 OTR launchers, about 2,200 tanks (T-55, T-59, T-62, 790 T-72), up to 1,000 infantry fighting vehicles, 2,400 armored personnel carriers, about 500 ZA guns, up to 500 AA helicopters (120 combat), 500 MLRS, 150 SG.
Air Force: 52 000 people (including 17,000 in air defense). Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 20 MiG-25, MiG-29, MiG-23 and MiG-27, Su-22, Mirage-Fl, 5 An-12, Il-76, RS-7, RS-9, Mi -24, Mi-8, Mi-17, Mi-6, SA-32, SA-330, SA-342L, Alouett-3.
Navy: about 2,000 people, 1 RCA project 205.
IRAN
Population 72,664 thousand people Military budget $5.7 billion (1999). Regular aircraft 513,000 people Reserve (SV) 350,000 people Paramilitary formations (gendarmerie) 40,000 people Completion: on call. Service life 21 months. Mob. resources 17.2 million people, including 10.2 million fit for military service
Army SV: more than 325,000 people, 4 corps headquarters, 12 divisions (6 infantry, 4 armored, Special Forces, commandos), several brigades (including: air, airborne, tank, infantry, commandos), 5 artillery groups. Armament: 40 TR launchers, 1,325 tanks (M47, M48, M60A1, Chieftain, T-55, T-59, T-62, T-72, Scorpio), 440 BMP-1/-2, 550 APC, 35 BRM, 1,550 towed guns (calibers 105, 122, 130, 152, 155 and 203.2 mm), 290 SG (122, 155, 170, 175 and 203.2 mm), 764 MLRS, about 6,500 mortars, more than 800 anti-tank and 1,700 anti-aircraft weapons, including about 400 MANPADS, more than 633 helicopters (of which 100 are combat AN-1Js) and 77 aircraft.
Ground forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps: about 100,000 people, 17 - 20 divisions (including 10 infantry, 2 armored and 5 mechanized), 15 - 20 separate brigades (4 artillery, missile, anti-aircraft missile, parachute, Special Forces, communications, engineering and sapper, chemical defense, infantry, armored, border and indoctrination units). Armament: about 470 tanks, 366 PA guns and 40 MLRS, 140 anti-aircraft weapons, 620 infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers.
Air Force: 45 000 people (including 15,000 in air defense), 307 b. s., b. in. no. Tactical units: 9 ibae, 7 itae, rae, 6 tae 17 srdn. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 60 F-4 (D and E), 60 F-5 (E and F), 30 Su-24, 60 F-14, 32 F-7, 35 MiG-29, 8 RF-4E, 5 P-3F, RC-130, 15 Boeing 707, Boeing 737, 9 Boeing 747F, 23 C-130 (E, H, MP), 15 F.27, 4 Falcon-20, 10 RS-6B, 26 Bich-R-ZZA, 10 EMB-312, 45 RS-7, 7 T-33, 20 F-5B, 8 TV-21, 4 TV-200, 2 AB-206A, 39 Bell 214C, 5 CH-47. 150 Hawk launchers, 30 Rapier, 15 Tigercat, 45 HQ-2J.
Navy: 43 000 people (including 25,000 in the Navy Corps of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards). FLEET: 3 submarines, pr. part 6 TDK), 6 KVP, 3 MTK, 38 Armed Forces (including 3 TN, 7 TR). AVIATION: About 2,000 people, aircraft - 22 (6 P-3F, 5 Do-228, 5 F-27, 4 F-4); helicopters - 15 (6 AB-212.6 ASH-3D, 3 RH-53D). MP: more than 2,600 people, 3 brigades. Rocket troops: 4 brigades, more than ZOO PKRS-201 and S-801.
IRELAND
Population 3,723 thousand people Military budget $725 million (2000). Regular aircraft 11,460 people Reserve 14,800 people, including SV - 14,500 (1st stage - 500, 2nd - 14,000), Navy - 300. Recruitment: on a voluntary basis. Service life 36 months. Mob. resources 974.2 thousand people, including 790.2 thousand fit for military service
SW: 9,300 people, 3 infantry brigades (each 3 pb, an artillery regiment, a reconnaissance battalion and a sapper company), an anti-aircraft artillery regiment, a ranger company, a light tank battalion. Reserve: 4 army groups, 18 infantry regiments, 6 artillery regiments, 3 reconnaissance battalions, 3 engineer battalions, 3 anti-aircraft batteries. Armament: 14 Scorpion light tanks, 47 BRMs, 54 armored personnel carriers, 66 PA guns, 468 mortars, 21 Milan ATGM launchers, 26 ZAUs, 7 RBS-70 MANPADS.
Air Force: 1,060 people, 7 b. s., b. in. no. Tactical units: 3 AE (2 combat training and communications), 4 WA. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 7 SF-260WE, 2 CN-235MP, 6 Cessna FR-172 H and K modifications, 8 SA-316B, 5 SA-365F1, 2 SA-342L.
Navy: 1,100 people, 7 PKA, 2 CN-235 aircraft, 5 SA-365F helicopters.
ICELAND
Population 283 thousand people. Military budget $19 million (2000). There are no regular aircraft. Paramilitary formations (BOHR) 120 people. Mob. resources 71 thousand people, including 62.6 thousand fit for military service
BOHR: 120 people, 3 PCs, 3 PCs, F-27 aircraft, 3 helicopters (SA-365N, SA-332, AS-350B).
SPAIN
Population 39,237 thousand people Military budget $7 billion (2000). Regular aircraft 166,050 people Reserve 447,900 people, including SV - 436,000, Air Force - 8,000, Navy - 3,900. Paramilitary formations 75,760 people, including civil guard - 75,000, forces for monitoring the situation at sea - 760. Manning: on call. Service life 9 months. Mob. resources 10.4 million people, including 8.3 million fit for military service.
SW: 100,000 people, 8 regional operational commands, mechanized division, 9 combined arms brigades (2 armored cavalry, 3 light infantry, mountain infantry, airmobile, airborne, "Spanish Legion" brigade), 2 regiments of the "Spanish Legion", 3 garrisons on the islands, artillery brigade, engineer brigade, AA brigade, 2 coastal artillery regiments, 3 special operations battalions, 6 anti-aircraft artillery regiments. Armament: 665 tanks (including 108 Leopard-2 A4), 340 armored personnel carriers, 14 infantry fighting vehicles, 1,624 armored personnel carriers, 457 towed artillery pieces and 202 self-propelled guns, 14 MLRS, 409 120-mm mortars, 1,314 82-mm mortars , 442 Milan ATGM launchers, 28 KhOT, 200 TOU, more than 638 ZA guns, 24 Advanced Hawk missile launchers, 18 Roland, 13 Skyguard Aspide, 108 Mistral MANPADS, 174 helicopters (of which 28 percussion), 2 AN / TPQ-36 radars.
Air Force: 29 100 people (including 11,000 av. words), 211 b. s., b. in. no. Tactical units: 7 ibae, 5 iae air defense, times, bpae, Yutae, 6 ae support, 10 utae, vae PSP. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 90 EF-18A and B, 35 F-5B, 66 Mirage-F.l (modifications CF, BE and EE), 14 RF-4C, 7 R-ZA and B, 4 Boeing 707, 7 C -130N, 5 KS-130N, 78 S-212, 2 Cessna 560, 74 S-101.15 CL-215, 5 Falcon-20S, Falcon-50, 2 Falcon-900, 3 F.27.37 E-26.20 CN-235.5 E-20.25 E-24.5 SA-330, 16 AS-332, 13 Hughes 300, 8 S-76C.
Navy: 36 950 people (including 10,700 sr., 830 women) and 7,900 civil. ate; fleet, 4 VMZ. FLEET: flotillas: escort (3 squadrons), submarine and mine-sweeping forces; groups: aviation and amphibious forces; 8 submarines (4 "Agosta", 4 "Daphne"), 1 AVL "Prince of Asturias", 17 FR URO (6 "Santa Maria", 5 "Ba-leares", 6 "Descubierta"), 6 PCs (4 " Serviola", "Chilro", "Alboran"), 26 PKA (including 10 "Anaga", 6 "Barcelo"), 11 MTK (1 "Egressive", 6 "Adjutant", 4 "Segura"), 4 recreation centers (1 DVKD "Galicia", 2 TDK "Newport", 1 DVTR "Pol River"), 12 DKA, 1 RZK, 1 OIS, 6 GISU, 2 TNZ, 3 TN, 3 TR, 1 SS, 3 diving vessels , 4 training sailing vessels, 5 BUK. AVIATION: 700 people Aircraft - 17 EAV-8B / 8B + (shae), 3 "Station-2" (nuclear power plant); helicopters: 11 SH-3D/G/H (aero PLV), 6 SH-60B (aero PLV), 10 AV-212 and 4 AV-204 (aero PSP), 10 Hughes 500 (utae). MARINES: 6,900 Brigade (3,000 men, 2 pb, 1 supply battalion, 3 PA batteries), 5 garrison groups. Armament: 33 tanks (16 M60AZ, 17 Scorpion), 51 armored personnel carriers (16 LVTP-7, 35 BLR), 12 BG M-56, 6 SG M-109A, 54 106-mm recoilless guns, 30 ATGM launchers (12 TOU, 18 "Dragon"), 12 PU SAM "Mistral".
ITALY
Population 57,930 thousand people Military budget $16 billion (2000). Regular aircraft 250,600 people Reserve 65,200 people, including SV - 11,900, Air Force - 30,300, Navy - 23,000. Paramilitary formations - 252,500 people, including Carabinieri troops - 110,000, Ministry of Internal Affairs - 79,000 , financial guard - 63 500. Acquisition: on call. Service life 10 months. Mob. resources 14.1 million people, including 12.2 million fit for military service.
SW: 153,000 people Operational Command Headquarters, 3 headquarters of military districts, SBR (mechanized, air assault and airborne brigades, amphibious and engineer regiments, AA regiment), Alpine troops (3 Alpine brigades, engineer regiment, AA regiment, Alpine parachute battalion) , 2 defensive forces commands (2 tank, 4 mechanized and armored cavalry brigades, 2 engineer regiments, AA regiment), operational forces support command (anti-aircraft artillery division: 3 regiments of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles, 2 anti-aircraft artillery regiments; artillery brigade: heavy artillery regiment , 3 artillery regiments, ZOMP regiment; AA division: 2 regiments and 2 AA battalions). Armament: 1,398 tanks (including 868 Leopard-1), 2,647 armored personnel carriers, 895 PA guns (including 231 self-propelled calibers of 155 and 203 mm), 22 MLRS MLRS, about 2,045 mortars, 434 80- mm of recoilless guns, 60 launchers for Hawk missiles, 112 MANPADS "Stinger", 361 helicopters (of which 45 attack A-129), 432 launchers for TOU-2V ATGMs, 752 launchers for Milan ATGMs, 12 aircraft.
Air Force: 59 600 people (including 17,800 sr. units), 336 b. s., b. in. no. Tactical subdivisions: 8 air defense units, 5 air defense air defense units, 2 BPA air units, electronic warfare air units, laboratory aircraft air units, 3 tau, 3 nPP, utae vae PSP, 20 srdn. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 116 Tornado-IDS, -ADV, -ESK, 65 R-Yu4A8A (35 more in cut), 6TR-104O (12 more in cut), 104 AMX, 73 MV-339.14 MB-339CD, 14 Atlantic (4 more in action), 4 Boeing 707-320, 15 C-130H, 39 G-222, 2 DC9-32, 2 Gulfstream-3, 3 Falcon-50 , 7 R-166, 5 R-180, 7 PD-808, 26 SF-260M, 29 SIAI-208, 21 HH-3F, 1 SH-3D, 27 AB-212, 51 NH-500D. Air defense 6 zrdn "Nike - Hercules", 14 zrdk "Spada".
Navy: 38 000 people (including 11,000 average meals); Fleet, 5 territorial commands, MTR. FLEET: 3 squadrons, a flotilla of corvettes, commands of submarine and mine-sweeping forces, aviation. 8 submarines (4 "Sauro", 4 "Improved Sauro"), 1 AVL "Garibaldi", 1 KR "V. Veneto", 4 EM URO (2 "De la Penne", 2 "Audache"), 16 FR URO (8 "Maestrale", 4 "Lupo", 4 "Artillere"), 8 KORV "Minerva", 8 PK ( 2 Bamboo, 4 Cassiopeia, 2 Egressive), 3 Esploratore PKA, 3 San Giorgio DVKD, 26 DKA, 1 MTS SC, 12 MTK (4 Leri-chi, 8 Gaeta "), 45 Armed Forces of Ukraine (including 8 TR, 3 TNZ, 14 TN, 5 OS, 3 OIS, 2 SS, 3 PM, 2 diving vessels), 5 training vessels (including 2 sailing vessels), 51 BUK (including 43 raid). MTR: groups: special forces (3), combat swimmers (1). AVIATION: 2 500 people Squadrons: Aircraft - 1 Shae; helicopters - 5 AE PLV, 1 AE TDV. Aircraft -18 (16 AV-8B, 2 TAV-8B); helicopters - 81 (26 SH-3D/H, 51 AB-212.4 EN-101). MP: 1,000 people, armament - 30 VCC-1 armored personnel carriers, 10 LVTP-7 armored personnel carriers, 16 81-mm mortars, 8 106-mm BZO, 6 Milan ATGM launchers.
YEMEN
Population 17,766 thousand people Military budget $374 million (1999). Regular aircraft 66,300 people Reserve (SV) 40,000 people Paramilitary formations 70,000 people, including the forces of the Ministry of National Security - 50,000, armed tribal detachments - 20,000. Manning: by conscription. Service life 36 months. Mob. resources 3.8 million people, including 2.1 million fit for military service
SW: 61,000 people, 45 brigades (9 armored, special forces, 18 infantry, 7 mechanized, 3 missile, 2 airborne and 5 artillery), security forces, 3 anti-aircraft and 4 anti-aircraft missile divisions. Armament: 18 OTR launchers, 12 TR launchers, 990 tanks (T-34, T-55, T-62, M60), 200 armored personnel carriers, 200 infantry fighting vehicles, 440 armored personnel carriers, 412 towed guns, 36 100-mm coastal artillery guns, 185 MLRS, more than 71 ATGM launchers, 370 20.23, 37, 57 and 85 mm caliber launchers, 30 SU-100 self-propelled guns, 600 mortars.
Air Force: 3,500 people, 49 b. With. (another 40 in cut.), 8 b. in. Aircraft and helicopter fleet: 12 F-5 E and B, 16 Su-20, 15 MiG-21, 5 MiG-29, 2 An-12, 4 An-26, 3 S-130N, 4 Il-14, 3 Il -76, 14 Yak-11, 2 AV-212, AV-47, AV-214, 14 Mi-8, 8 Mi-35.
Navy: 1 800 people (including 500 in the MP), 5 RCA (3 "Haunfen", 2 project 1241), 3 large ("Broadsword") and 5 small (project 1400) PKA, 1 TDK project 775, 2 MDK pr. I 76, 6 MTK (1 pr. 266ME, 5 pr. 1258), 2 TN, 2 TR.
United States military include: ground forces (SV), air force (Air Force), naval forces (Navy). The total strength of the armed forces is 2 million 264 thousand people; including: regular forces - more than 1 million 380 thousand people; reserve components - over 870 thousand people.
The basis of the country's military power in peacetime is the regular armed forces. Reserve components form the basis of their mobilization deployment. The organizational reserve includes the National Guard and the reserve of types of aircraft.
The Air Force is, according to the views of the American leadership, the main strike force in both nuclear and conventional wars, as well as in local conflicts. Possessing considerable flexibility and high mobility, they are designed to deliver nuclear and conventional strikes to great depths, gain air superiority, air support for ground forces, and in coastal areas - for the Navy, conduct air reconnaissance, transfer troops and cargo to overseas theaters of operations and inside the theater .
The US Air Force includes formations and formations of intercontinental ballistic missiles, strategic, tactical and military transport aviation, as well as forces and means of air defense, warning of nuclear missile strikes and space control.
There are about 542,000 servicemen in the combat strength of the Air Force (361,000 in the regular Air Force, 180,000 in the organized reserve). The formations, formations, units and divisions of the Air Force have 550 launchers of intercontinental ballistic missiles (“Minuteman” and MX), about 6100 aircraft, including more than 4300 in the regular Air Force, of which: combat aviation - 1470, auxiliary - 3560 aircraft.
According to the classification adopted in the USA, combat aviation includes three types (strategic, fighter air defense and tactical) and one type of aviation - special purpose.
Strategic aviation is divided into two types: strategic bomber (V-52N, V-1V, V-2) and strategic reconnaissance (RG-135, U-2).
Tactical aviation combines tactical fighter (F-15, F-16, F-117 fighters, A-10 attack aircraft), tactical reconnaissance (RF-4) and electronic warfare aviation (EC-130, EF-111, EC-135).
Special-purpose aviation includes AS-130 special-purpose attack aircraft, MS-130 sabotage and transport aircraft and helicopters of various types and modifications.
Strategic bombers can carry nuclear-armed cruise missiles and guided air-to-ground missiles (170-200 kt capacity), as well as nuclear bombs of various yields. When conducting combat operations using conventional weapons, depending on the nature of the tasks being solved, aerial bombs, cluster bombs, sea mines and other weapons with a total mass can be suspended on them: on V-1V - up to 57 tons, V-52 - 30 tons.
Tactical aviation against ground targets uses nuclear bombs with a yield of 0.5-1100 kt, and when conducting combat operations using conventional weapons - guided missiles, bombs and clusters; high-explosive, fragmentation and incendiary bombs; unguided missiles; small arms and cannon weapons; chemical and bacteriological weapons.
The US Navy includes the Navy, Fleet Air Arm, Marine Corps, and their reserve components. The total number of personnel of the Navy is 545,000 people, the organized reserve - 132,000 people. The combat strength includes 298 units: 241 warships (including 18 SSBNs), 27 auxiliary ships in the regular forces, 30 warships in the emergency reserve.
The US Navy solves the following main tasks: ensure the deployment and combat stability of their SSBNs; deliver ballistic missiles from submarines, cruise missiles and carrier-based aircraft strikes at targets on enemy territory; are fighting with his SSBN; gain and maintain dominance at sea; conduct amphibious operations; support ground forces in coastal areas; provide strategic transfer of troops, weapons and logistics.
The US Navy is divided into sea-based strategic nuclear forces and general-purpose forces. The combat component of the sea-based forces is nuclear missile submarines (SSBNs). They occupy a special place both in the composition of the country's strategic nuclear forces and in the organizational structure of the fleet. The high strike power, range and accuracy of firing of ballistic missiles (SLBMs) on board submarines, which have high survivability and are in constant readiness for use, allow us to consider them the most effective means of nuclear attack. 18 SSBNs are capable of carrying 432 ballistic missiles (3456 nuclear warheads). The Ohio-type SSBN is armed with 24 Trident-1 or Trident-2 SLBMs and four 533-mm torpedo tubes. For each boat there are two crews of 155 people, 15 of them are officers.
General-purpose forces include nuclear multi-purpose submarines, surface ships (aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, mine-sweeping and landing), as well as auxiliary vessels.
The US Navy has 56 nuclear-powered multi-purpose submarines (PLA), of which 31 are of the Los Angeles type. The Los Angeles boat is capable of reaching a speed of 32 knots under water, diving to a depth of 450 m. Typical ammunition: eight Tomahawk cruise missiles, four Harpoon anti-ship missiles and 14 torpedoes. All submarines are equipped for under-ice navigation. The latest samples are additionally equipped with a vertical launch installation for 12 Tomahawk missiles.
Aircraft carriers are the main strike force of the fleet and are designed to gain dominance at sea, strike carrier-based aircraft at targets deep in enemy territory, air support for amphibious assaults, and ground forces in coastal areas.
There are 12 aircraft carriers in the regular forces of the fleet, of which seven are of the Nimitz type.
Cruisers, destroyers and frigates occupy an important place in the fleet's general-purpose forces. They are designed to strike at sea and coastal targets and objects in the depths of enemy territory (cruise missiles), to combat air, underwater and sea targets, primarily as part of aircraft carrier and landing formations, as well as to defend convoys.
In the regular forces of the US Navy, there are 27 URO cruisers of the Ticonderoga type.
The class of destroyers is represented by 50 ships of three types: 4 of the Kidd type, 31 of the Spruence type and 15 of the Orly Burke type. The destroyers are armed with Tomahawk cruise missiles and are capable of striking targets deep in enemy territory. 24 Spruence ships are equipped with vertical launchers.
Missiles with nuclear warheads, by mutual agreement with the leadership of Russia, were removed from ships and placed in the arsenals of naval bases on the continental United States in readiness for reloading within 24-36 hours.
Frigates are one of the most numerous classes of submarines, there are 35 of them in the regular forces and 15 in the emergency reserve.
The US Navy has 43 large landing ships: 4 headquarters, 9 universal aircraft carriers, 15 dock transports, 2 tank landing ships, 2 helicopter carriers, 11 landing helicopter dock ships.
The aviation of the naval forces includes more than 4363 aircraft and helicopters and consists of fleet aviation (carrier and base) and marine corps aviation.
Carrier aviation of the fleet is subdivided into ground attack aircraft (A-6E Intruder carrier-based attack aircraft), fighter-assault aircraft (F / A-18 Hornet), fighter aircraft (F-14 Tomker), anti-submarine aircraft (S-3B maritime control aircraft "Viking", anti-submarine helicopters SH-3HB "Sea King", etc.), reconnaissance (AEW aircraft E-2C, EW and RTR aircraft EA-6B "Prowler" and S-3A "Shadow").
The fleet's base aviation includes aviation wings of base patrol aircraft (P-3C Orion) operating from coastal air bases.
Aviation of the Marine Corps is subdivided into assault (AV-8B Harrier P), fighter-assault (F / A-18 Hornet), reconnaissance (EA-6V Prowler electronic warfare aircraft, reconnaissance spotters F / A-18D aircraft and helicopters AN-1W), transport and assault (transport and assault helicopters CH-53D, E "Sea Steelen" and "Super Steele", medium transport and assault helicopters CH-46F "Sea Knight" and light helicopters UH-1N "Iroquois ”).
The Marine Corps is subdivided into regular forces and reserves. The combat strength of the regular forces includes: three divisions of the Marine Corps, three aviation wings, three reconnaissance groups, three logistic service groups, and a battalion of security forces. The Marine Corps Reserve includes: one Marine Division, one Aviation Wing, one Logistics Group.
The combat use of the marines is envisaged as part of operational formations: three expeditionary divisions and expeditionary battalions and brigades.
The Expeditionary Division (about 50,000 men) includes a Marine Division, a Marine Aviation Wing, a Reconnaissance Group, and a Logistics Group.
The expeditionary brigade (about 16,000 men) consists of a regimental landing group, a mixed aviation group, and a logistic service brigade group.
The expeditionary battalion (about 2,500 people) consists of a marine battalion, a mixed aviation squadron, reconnaissance and logistics units.
The United States Army is the largest branch of the armed forces. In accordance with the provisions of the army military doctrine, they are designed to conduct combat operations together with the Air Force and Navy, as well as with the troops of the allies in the event of armed conflicts of any intensity in order to protect US interests in various parts of the world.
The ground forces are subdivided into regular troops and organized reserves. Regular troops include army corps, divisions and separate brigades, fully manned and equipped with modern weapons and military equipment. The organized reserve includes the formations of the national guard and the reserve of the army. It is designed to ensure the mobilization deployment of ground forces, the replenishment of the regular army in a threatened period, replenishment of combat losses and the creation of new ground forces formations during the war.
The total number of ground forces is more than 1 million 45 thousand people, including 480 thousand in regular troops.
In service with the US ground forces, taking into account wartime reserve stocks, they consist of: 7680 tanks (of which more than 7640 M1 Abrams of various modifications); 6700 infantry fighting vehicles and BRM "Bradley"; 17800 armored personnel carriers; 2550 self-propelled howitzers; over 1590 towed field artillery pieces; 857 MLRS multiple launch rocket systems (all capable of launching Atakms missiles); 1840 mortars; 24,000 Dragon ATGM launchers, 500 Javelin ATGMs, 500 M901 Tou self-propelled anti-tank systems, 6,700 Tou ATGM launchers mounted on M2/M3 Bradleys; 485 PU SAM "Patriot"; 270 PU SAM "Improved Hawk"; 560 PU SAM "Chaparel", "Avenger"; over 5,100 helicopters and aircraft of army aviation. The Pershing and Lance operational-tactical and tactical missile systems, as well as nuclear munitions for artillery systems in service with US troops in Europe, have been relocated to US territory and stockpiled.
The formations of ground forces according to the operational organization are at the disposal of the commanders-in-chief of the joint commands of the US armed forces in the European zone, the Pacific zone, the “zone of responsibility” of the joint central command (Near and Middle East, Northeast Africa), as well as the unified forces.
In the European zone, the basis of the grouping of US ground forces (about 70 thousand people) is the 5th Army Corps (on the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany). It includes the 1st mechanized and 1st armored divisions of a two-brigade composition, four separate brigades (artillery, air defense, army aviation, engineering), as well as combat and logistics support units.
In Italy there is a South European tactical group of about 3,000 people.
On the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg there are warehouses with stocks of weapons, military equipment, materiel for formations and units intended for transfer from the USA to the Central European theater of operations during a crisis period.
The ground forces include branches of the armed forces and various services. The types of troops include infantry (motorized infantry), armored troops, field and anti-aircraft artillery, army aviation, as well as units and subunits of combat support: military intelligence and electronic warfare, signal troops, engineering, chemical and military police. The services include medical, financial, transport, quartermaster, military chaplains, military legal and artillery technical.
The infantry is a light branch of the military and is intended for close combat, especially in difficult terrain, in populated areas and urbanized areas, as well as in poorly equipped theaters and in specific natural and geographical conditions.
Motorized infantry has great firepower and maneuverability due to the presence of highly mobile and armed infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers.
The infantry (motorized infantry) is armed with:
5.56-mm automatic rifle M16A1 (M16A2);
ATGM "Tou";
ATGM "Javelin";
ATGM "Dragon";
120 mm, 106.7 mm (81 mm) self-propelled mortar;
infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) M2 "Bradley";
combat reconnaissance vehicle (BRM) M3 "Bradley".
The M16A1 (M16A2) rifle allows for single and automatic fire; effective firing range is 500 m (800 m); a bullet at a distance of 450 m pierces both walls of an American steel helmet. A 40-mm M203 grenade launcher is mounted under the rifle barrel for firing various types of grenades at a distance of up to 400 m.
ATGM "Tou" ("Dragon") has a cumulative warhead and a cylindrical body. The firing range is 3750 m (1000 m), armor penetration is 500 mm (430 mm). Shooting can be carried out from ground (portable) and self-propelled launchers. The control system is semi-automatic with infrared equipment for tracking the projectile and transmitting commands by wire (Appendix 1).
The Javelin ATGM was adopted by the US Army and Marine Corps in 1996. It has the following characteristics: a firing range of 2500 m, a mass of a rocket with a launch tube of 22.3 kg, a rocket diameter of 127 mm, and a launch preparation time of less than 30 s. The ATGM includes aiming and launching equipment (equipped with day and night thermal imaging sights, missile launch controls and an image display in the gunner's eyepiece field of view) and ATGM (equipped with an IR homing head, a tracking system, starting and sustainer engines, a tandem cumulative warhead) in single use transport container. A fire-and-forget missile can be launched from enclosed spaces. ATGM "Javelin" is most effective when used against armored vehicles with conventional armor or dynamic protection.
106.7 and 81-mm mortars were created on the basis of the M113A1 armored personnel carrier, in the hull of which there is a fighting compartment instead of a landing compartment. The mortar is installed on the floor of the fighting compartment. On top there is a three-leaf hatch cover that allows you to fire directly from the machine. If necessary, mortar firing is carried out from the ground. The mortar ammunition includes high-explosive fragmentation (three types), smoke and lighting, and for the 106.7-mm mortar and chemical mines. The firing range for a 106.7 mm mortar is 5.5 km, and for an 81 mm mortar - 4.7 km (Appendix 2).
The M2 “Bradley” infantry fighting vehicle and the M3 “Bradley” combat reconnaissance vehicle have been in service with the troops since 1981. The layout of the vehicle is made with a front-mounted engine compartment. Ahead and along the sides of the hull, spaced combined armor (steel-aluminum) was used with filling the internal space between the sheets with porous polyurethane. According to foreign press reports, the frontal armor of the vehicle is not penetrated by 25-mm projectiles, and the side and stern are not penetrated by large-caliber bullets. In the sides and stern there are two loopholes for firing. In the armored vehicle, where the commander and gunner are located, a 25-mm automatic cannon is installed, stabilized in two guidance planes, with which a 7.62-mm machine gun is paired. To combat tanks, a Tou and Tou-2 ATGM launcher (with two rails) was mounted on the turret. M2 ammunition - 7 missiles, and M3 - 12 missiles. BMP M2 is designed for a motorized infantry squad (nine people), BRM M3 - for a reconnaissance squad (five people) (Appendix 3).
Armored troops in the US Army are considered as the main strike force of the ground forces. They are intended mainly for conducting swift, highly maneuverable offensive operations and are used, first of all, for developing success, dismembering and destroying the enemy's defensive groupings and pursuing him.
Until recently, armored forces were armed with M60A3 tanks, which are being replaced by M1 Abrams tanks with a 105-mm cannon and M1A1 Abrams tanks with a 120-mm smoothbore gun, which have almost twice the efficiency.
The M1 tank began to enter the troops in 1981. It has multilayer armor protection, is equipped with a laser rangefinder, non-illuminated night devices, an electronic ballistic computer, a gun stabilization system in two planes, and navigation equipment. Tank M1A1 (M1) is capable of conducting aimed fire from a place at a distance of up to 3000 m (2700 m), on rough terrain on the move - up to 2100 (1800) m; armor penetration is 360 (230) m. Gas turbine engine with a capacity of 1500 hp.
Since 1985, the M1A1 tank has been supplied to the ground forces. Its difference from the M1 is that it has armor with the inclusion of depleted uranium, is armed with a 120-mm smoothbore gun and is 4 tons heavier (Appendix 4).
German Armed Forces created on May 9, 1955 (the day the FRG joined NATO) and consist of ground, air and naval forces. They also include central administrations and institutions.
As part of the armed forces, national rapid reaction forces (RRF) have been created, which are not an independent branch of the armed forces or a branch of the armed forces. They are formed through the allocation of combat-ready components from the land, air and naval forces and will be used according to national plans or according to the plans of the NATO leadership.
The number of the Bundeswehr is 336 thousand people: ground forces - 233 thousand; air force - 76 thousand; naval forces - 27 thousand people. The main part of the armed forces of Germany is included in the combined armed forces of NATO. The recruitment principle is universal military service, regular servicemen and contract servicemen. Duration of military service - 12 months. The draft age is 18 years.
The ground forces are the main and largest branch of the armed forces of the FRG in terms of numbers and combat composition. They make up about 70% of the total strength of the Bundeswehr and consist of military branches, which include: motorized infantry, tank troops, artillery, army aviation, military air defense, engineering troops, defense troops against weapons of mass destruction, etc.
The motorized infantry is armed with:
5.56 mm NK 33 rifle;
ATGM "Hot", "Hot-2", "Milan", "Milan-2";
120 mm self-propelled mortar;
BMP "Marder";
BRM "Lux".
The Milan missile has: a cumulative warhead (caliber 103 mm, armor penetration 580 mm); a single-chamber jet engine, working first in the starting and then in the marching mode; onboard equipment; infrared tracer; a coil with wire and a cruciform wing that opens in flight. The control system is semi-automatic with infrared missile tracking equipment and command transmission by wire.
Shooting is carried out from a portable launcher, on which a control panel, sighting device, ground control equipment and power sources are installed. Calculation of the launcher - two people.
In the early 80s, work was carried out to improve this ATGM, and it was given the name "Milan-2". During the modernization, the caliber (from 103 to 115 mm) and the mass of the shaped charge warhead were increased, the removal of the point of detonation of the shaped charge from the barrier was optimized, and the manufacturing technology was improved. All this led to an increase in armor penetration from 580 to 730 mm. At the same time, it was possible to maintain the flight characteristics of the rocket. The launcher has a thermal imaging sight for firing at night.
The Khot ATGM has a HEAT warhead, launch and sustainer engines, on-board control system equipment, an infrared glow tracer and a power source. Launch equipment and a set of control equipment are designed to be placed on self-propelled bases and helicopters. In particular, the Khot ATGM is equipped with the Jaguar-1 ATGM, which is in service with the anti-tank company of the brigade.
The control system of the ATGM "Hot" is semi-automatic with infrared equipment for tracking the missile and transmitting commands by wire.
In recent years, the upgraded ATGM "Hot-2" has been put into service. During the modernization, armor penetration was increased from 750 to 900 mm, the caliber of the rocket was increased from 136 mm to 150 mm, and the mass of the warhead. The ATGM is equipped with a thermal imaging sight for shooting at night (TTX - see Appendix 1).
The 120-mm mortar was created on the basis of the American M113A1 amphibious armored personnel carrier. The fighting compartment is located in the aft part of the hull. Armament - 120 mm mortar and 7.62 mm machine gun mounted in front of the commander's cupola. The mortar is fired from the vehicle (in the direction opposite to the movement) or from the ground (TTX - see Appendix 2).
The Marder infantry fighting vehicle was put into service in 1971. It is the first special vehicle for the infantry of foreign armies. The first such vehicle in the world was the BMP-1, adopted by the Soviet Army in 1966.
BMP "Marder" - not a floating vehicle (weight about 30 tons), was intended for joint combat operations with tanks. The welded armored hull provides protection against bullets and shell fragments, while the frontal armor and turret armor provide protection from 20mm cannon shells.
A carriage with a 20-mm cannon and a 7.62-mm machine gun coaxial with it is mounted on a rotating double turret. The second machine gun (caliber 7.62 mm) is located in the stern. The commander and gunner control the weapon, having duplicate weapon control drives and periscope sights. The BMP landing force can fire through four embrasures (two on each side).
Until the end of the 80s, the Marder BMP underwent several upgrades, as a result of which the Marder-A2 BMP was created. A more advanced thermal imager was installed on it, the aft machine gun mount and searchlight were removed.
Since the end of the 80s, the modernization of the Marder-A1 (A2) infantry fighting vehicle to the A3 standard has been continued.
The Marder-A3 infantry fighting vehicle has enhanced armor protection due to additional armoring of the upper and lower front plates, sides, stern and roof. In addition, the upper parts of the sides were covered with armored boxes for property. The loopholes for firing from assault weapons have been eliminated. A turret of a new design was installed on the BMP.
As an additional weapon on the Marder-A-3 BMP, the Milan-2 ATGM can be installed.
The implementation of measures to upgrade the BMP to the A-3 standard led to an increase in its mass by almost 5 tons (TTX - see Appendix 3).
Floating wheeled (8x8) BRM "Lux" is armed with a 20-mm cannon, 7.62-mm machine gun. Moves at speeds up to 90 km/h. The armor of the BRM "Lux" is not penetrated by 20-mm projectiles.
Armored troops may be equipped with Leopard tanks of various modifications (Leopard-1, -1A1, -1A2, -1A3, -1A4, -1A5 and Leopard-2).
Tank "Leopard-2" has a classic layout with the engine in the rear of the hull. The turret and hull are welded. The upper frontal hull plate has a large angle of inclination, which provides protection, especially against HEAT projectiles. Periscopic observation devices are installed for all crew members. The tank has multi-layer armor for the hull and turret. 1500 hp gas turbine engine Smoothbore gun caliber 120 mm. Additional armament - two 7.62-mm machine guns, one of which is paired with a cannon. The tank uses an advanced fire control system and has a system of protection against weapons of mass destruction (TTX - see Appendix 4).
Army aviation of the US Army and Germany is a new highly effective branch of the military. The saturation of the ground forces with army aviation sharply increased the combat, reconnaissance capabilities and tactical mobility of formations and units.
The following tasks are assigned to the army aviation:
inflicting blows on the forces and means of the enemy and, above all, defeating his armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons;
fire support for ground forces;
air reconnaissance;
landing of tactical airborne troops;
increasing the tactical mobility of combined arms formations, units and subunits;
field artillery fire correction;
providing control and communications, electronic warfare, mining, evacuation of the wounded, search and rescue.
Recently, new tasks have been assigned to army aviation - the fight against helicopters and low-flying aircraft and the suppression of military air defense systems.
All forces and means of army aviation have been consolidated into brigades, regiments, battalions and companies. Helicopters of various types and modifications form the basis of the armament of subunits and units. According to their intended purpose, helicopters are divided into four main classes:
combat (shock);
reconnaissance;
multipurpose;
transport landing.
Combat (attack) helicopters carry a variety of weapons on board and are designed to fight tanks and other armored vehicles and provide direct (fire) support to ground forces units on the battlefield. The basis of the fleet of combat (attack) helicopters of the US Army Aviation is the AN-1 "Hugh Cobra" with the "Tou" ATGM and the AN-64A "Apache" with the "Hellfire" ATGM, and the army aviation of the FRG - VO-105R with the "Hot" ATGM (TTX - Appendix 5).
Reconnaissance helicopters are light helicopters designed for conducting aerial reconnaissance, monitoring the battlefield, detecting targets and issuing target designation data to combat helicopters, ground fire weapons (field artillery) and combined arms commanders, providing control and communications. Recently, they are beginning to be equipped with guided air-to-air missiles.
Currently, the US Army is armed with reconnaissance helicopters OH-6A "Keyus", OH-58A, C and D "Kiowa", and in Germany - VO-105M. OH-58D helicopters are equipped with special reconnaissance equipment and are mainly used for reconnaissance and target designation data in the interests of artillery assets and combined arms commanders.
Multi-purpose (general purpose) helicopters are designed to ensure the air mobility of troops (landing tactical airborne assault forces and their evacuation, etc.), as well as destroying ground targets. The US Army Aviation is armed with the UN-1 Iroquois, UN-60A Black Hawk multi-purpose helicopters, and in Germany - SA-318 C Alouette-2.
Airborne (transport) helicopters are medium and heavy vehicles used mainly for transporting logistical support equipment for troops during combat operations. They are intended for the transportation of personnel, weapons, ammunition, various equipment and other cargo (both in the cockpit and on an external sling), and can be used for landing troops. This class of helicopters is represented by: CH-54A and B Skycrane; CH-47 "Chinook" modifications A, B, C, D: CH-53G; NH-90.
Special-purpose helicopters are allocated to a special class, designed to solve specific tasks using electronic equipment. These include EW helicopters of the EN-1N and EN-60A types.
Meaning, definition and interpretation of the word
ARMED FORCES OF THE STATE These are land, sea and air military formations. To V.s.g. also include joint contingents of the armed forces under international command, which are created on the basis of the provisions CharterUN or regional organizations. V.s.g. consist of combatants and non-combatants. V.s.g. limited in the choice of means and methods of warfare. The norms of international law prohibit the conduct of armed actions against the civilian population, civilian objects, objects that have cultural values, and cause serious damage to the natural environment.
ARMED FORCES FOREIGN- these are military units and formations present on the territory of a foreign state. Such a presence is lawful in the event of an agreement to this effect between the respective states or in the event of the defeat of the aggressor's troops and entry into its territory. Legal status of V.S.I. in the first case, it is determined by special international agreements between the states sending and receiving armed forces, in the second - by the regime military occupation.
UNITED NATIONS ARMED FORCES- these are coalition forces formed from national military contingents provided by the UN member states to the disposal of the UN Security Council, used by its decision and under its leadership in the implementation of coercive measures to maintain or restore international peace and security. For this purpose, the UN Charter obliges all members of the Organization to place at the disposal of the UN Security Council, at its request and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance and appropriate facilities (Article 43). Such coalition forces, as follows from the Charter, are not permanent and are formed at the request of the UN Security Council and on the basis of its decision on the use of force in a particular situation. The legal basis for the allocation of national contingents at the disposal of the UN Security Council should be the mentioned agreements concluded between the Council, on the one hand, and individual members or groups of UN members, on the other, subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their constitutional procedures. With regard to the planning of the use of coalition forces and their use and command, the UNSC should be assisted by the Military Staff Committee, consisting of the chiefs of staff of the permanent members of the Council or their representatives.
In practice, the provisions of the UN Charter on the procedure for the formation and use of armed forces under the command of the UN have not yet been applied, not a single one provided for in Art. 43 agreements between the UN Security Council and member states on the provision of military contingents have not been signed, and the Military Staff Committee does not fulfill the functions assigned to it by the Charter. This happened largely due to the political and ideological contradictions of the Cold War period, and later due to the financial and organizational problems that the UN faced. As a palliative measure, military contingents under the UN flag are used within the framework of peacekeeping operations.
LEARNING AND EDUCATIONAL GOALS:
To study the organization, weapons, combat capabilities and order of battle of formations and units of the armed forces of the United States, China and the combined armed forces of NATO;
To instill in students confidence in the need for knowledge of the organization of formations and units of a potential enemy.
Time: 2 hours
PLACE: class
METHOD: group session
MATERIAL SUPPORT: Foreign armies (reference book), presentation, multimedia.
LITERATURE: Foreign armies.
Timing:
INTRODUCTION- 5 minutes.
MAIN PART- 75 min.
Study questions:
Principles of building US military communications systems,
China and NATO Allied Forces - min.
Methods of organizing radio communications in the US armed forces,
China and NATO Allied Forces. - min.
Organization of communications in the US army corps and divisions. - min.
FINAL PART- 5 minutes.
Lesson progress:
INTRODUCTION
I accept the report of the platoon duty officer, check the presence, appearance and readiness of students for class;
I check students' awareness of the international situation of our state;
I announce the topic and educational purpose of the lesson, the order of its conduct.
MAIN PART
Introduction
Communication using modern technical means is the material and technical basis of the command and control system of troops and weapons.
To organize channels, lines and directions of communication in automated control systems for troops and weapons (ACS), communication technology and automated control systems (ACS) are used. The composition of communication technology and automated control systems includes the following groups of equipment:
Communication means are technical means that transmit and (or) receive messages, process and (or) store information in military communication systems. In the lexicon of military signalmen, along with the expression “means of communication”, such terms as “complex of means of communication” (CSS) and “complex of technical means” (CTS) are used.
Automation tools are technical devices designed to collect, process, store, display and document information, as well as to exchange data in an automated command and control system for troops and weapons.
Means of communication and automated control systems - means designed for power supply, maintenance, mechanization of work during their deployment and operation.
Mobile means of courier-postal communication - vehicles (land, water, air) designed to deliver secret documents (orders, combat orders and other documents) and mail (letters, parcels, translations and periodicals).
Signaling means are means designed to give predetermined commands and signals. Signal means are sound and lighting. With their help, commands, reports, call signals, transfer or cease-fire, signals of target designation, mutual identification, designation of friendly troops, ensuring the interaction of units and subunits and alerts are transmitted. As lighting equipment are used: signal rockets, smoke bombs, lanterns, flags, sound - sirens, whistles, beeps.
Radio reconnaissance means are technical means intended for conducting radio reconnaissance.
Electronic warfare and radio countermeasures are technical means designed to conduct electronic warfare and radio countermeasures against enemy control and communication systems.
Study Question #1"Principles of building military communication systems
USA, China and NATO Allied Forces.
Military satellite communications systems
Features, systems
Satellite communication systems in the interests of the armed forces in the capitalist states, primarily in the United States, began to be developed in the 60s. To date, considerable experience has been accumulated in the operation of the SSS and certain views have been developed on their use for the purpose of command and control of the armed forces.
The main advantages of such systems:
operational deployment and provision of communications across the seas, deserts, mountains, territories occupied by the enemy;
low dependence of communication on the season, day, atmospheric interference, nuclear explosions
(especially in the ranges of SMV and MMV);
efficiency of restoration of communications in the main directions in case of damage to the ground communication network in the theater;
the ability to have small-sized stations to provide communication over almost any distance, a decrease in the number of personnel, etc.
A serious drawback of the CCC is the possibility of physical destruction of satellites, the organization of deliberate interference and insufficient secrecy of transmissions.
According to American experts, in terms of their tactical and economic capabilities, SSS are the main means of strategic communications in a unified automated command and control system. The issue of the use of SSS in the tactical level and control of nuclear forces was also positively resolved.
Specialized military SSS are built, as a rule, on single satellites for the Air Force, Navy and SV and the development of "their own" fleet of APs. Basic requirements for military SSS:
command and control of troops and weapons anywhere in the world, including areas occupied by the enemy;
ensuring high survivability of satellites in orbit and noise immunity of communication channels when exposed to electronic warfare;
tolerance of inefficient use of frequency bands and bandwidth of repeaters in the interests of meeting the requirements for the stability of communications and management;
providing multiple access to a large number of mobile APs (including aircraft and ships) with a relatively small channel under the influence of deliberate interference;
ensuring the secrecy of information transmission and protecting the system from disruption of its work by the enemy, etc.
With the development and improvement of the military SSS, views, in particular, on the efficiency of using the resource of frequency bands, bandwidth, economic efficiency of these systems were revised towards tightening.
At present, the armed forces of the capitalist states widely use commercial SSS on a lease basis, and some countries, such as France, create systems for commercial and military purposes, placing repeaters on the same satellites.
The armed forces of the USA, NATO, England, France, Italy, in addition to leasing commercial CCC channels, have created, improved and developed new specialized CCCs of the armed forces: NATO, DSCS, Flitsatcom, Leasat, Afsatcom, Milstar, Sicral, Scynet, etc.
LITERATUREBasic:
1. Armed forces of foreign states: Information and analytical collection / A.N. Sidorin, G.M. Mingatin, V.M.
Prishchepov, V.P. Akulenko. - M.: Military Publishing, 2009. - 528 p.: ill.
2. Military geography of the North European region: reference
materials. St. Petersburg: LenVO, 1999. - 159 p.: ill.
Additional:
1. Tactics. Battalion, company. Textbook. Ed. V.I.Popova. /Moscow:
Military Publishing, 2009 - 415 p.
2. Materials from Internet sites.
2
LESSON QUESTIONS:
1. General information about the US Armed Forces.2. General information about the Armed Forces of the main
NATO member countries (Germany and
Great Britain).
3. General information about the Armed Forces of the main
countries of the Asia-Pacific region (China and
Japan).
3QUESTION #1
GENERAL INFORMATION
ABOUT US ARMED FORCES The U.S. Armed Forces, by their designation and
The nature of the tasks to be solved are divided into:
strategic forces
general forces.
Strategic forces include offensive and
defensive forces and are intended for:
solving the main problems in
large-scale wars of defeat
groupings of troops and facilities that form the basis
the defense potential of the enemy,
gaining a strategic initiative,
suppression of the ability of the opposing
parties to the organized conduct of military
action,
ensuring
reliable
anti-aircraft,
anti-missile and anti-space defense
5
territories of the United States and its allies. 6Command structure of the US military
7Structure of the US Armed Forces
USMC
President: B. Obama
SNB
OK NSH
Chairman
MO
US-Canadian aerospace defense command
North American Continent - NORAD
OSH
In zones:
OK Sun
- OK in the European area;
- OK in the Pacific Ocean;
- OK in the Center area. and Yuzh.
America;
- Central OK;
- OK in North America zone
Special:
OK
OK
strategic
transfer
special
operations
SSP
MTR
DREAM
SW:
BS: 480
NG: 350
1035 thousand people
NSh Army
Minister of the Army
strategic
OK
united forces
SNA
SOS
Navy:
RW: 205
BS: 548
Air Force:
Organizations. res.: 126
674 thousand people
NSH Navy
OK
Komend. sea
infantry
Secretary of the Navy
BS: 357
NG: 108
RW: 74
539 thousand people
NSH Air Force
Minister of the Air Force
8US SNA
US Air Force (strategic forces)
ICBM
150 pieces - "Minuteman 3S";
300 pcs - “Minuteman 3M”.
(95% - on the database)
SBA
16 pcs. - IN 2;
84 pcs. - B-1B;
84 pcs. - B-52 N.
(70% - combat ready)
Global Command
US strikes
8 VA
SSBN
14 pcs. type "Ohio" (all with
"Trident-2" for 24 launchers).
(10 pieces - on the database)
Combat Aviation
USAF Com-e
Command in the zone
Atlantic ocean
(VMB Norfolk)
SSBO
(aircraft)
- refuellers;
- scouts;
- meteorological
Command in the zone
Pacific Ocean (VMB
San Diego)
Reserve
combat composition
20 VA
US Navy (submarine)
12 VA
National Guards
10 VA
submarine force
(6 pcs. SSBN)
submarine force
(8 pcs. SSBN)
tbakr
90
RK
91
RK
590
RK
AK
bombardier. esq.
Esq. refueling
Esq. missile maintenance
Esq. ICBM
Esq. service RK
Esq. head remon.
Esq. connections
Esq. THEN
Esq. voor. and email
Esq. floor. remon.
Esq. service YBP
Support group
Groups: rear. security, helicopter, hospital
9
General characteristics of the US NE
Types of troops:-parts and subdivisions
infantry,
- armored troops,
-artillery,
-special forces
operations;
- engineering troops,
-parts and subdivisions
intelligence and
electronic
wrestling,
-Signal Corps;
- army aviation.
Services:
-parts and
divisions
artillery technical,
- transport,
- financial,
- medical and
other.
10The structure of the general forces of the US Army
1112Mechanized division
Commander
divisions
headquarters and
headquarters
division company
Motorized infantry
battalions(5)
Artillery
divisions
anti-aircraft
missile
division
Company ZOMP
headquarters and
headquarters companies
brigades (3)
Tank
battalions(4)
brigade
army
aviation
Battalion
intelligence
and electronic warfare
Company of the military
police
Engineering
brigade
Battalion
connections
Command
rear division
Orchestra
Total in the division:
personnel, pers.
Tanks M1 "Abrams"
BMP M2 "Bradley"
BRM M3 "Bradley"
BTR M113
TMU
- 16108
- 259
- 290
65
- 164
36
155 mm SG
RSZOM270
120 mm CM
SPU ATGM "Tou"
PPU ATGM "Dragon"
ZRPK "Linebecker"
-
54
18
60
70
200
24
SAM "Avenger"
MANPADS "Stinger"
Helicopters AN-64
OH-58D helicopters
Helicopters UH-60
Helicopters EN-60
-
24
30
24
16
24
3Armored division
Commander
divisions
headquarters and
headquarters
division company
Motorized infantry
battalions(4)
Artillery
divisions
anti-aircraft
missile
division
Company ZOMP
headquarters and
headquarters companies
brigades (3)
Tank
battalions(5)
brigade
army
aviation
Battalion
intelligence
and electronic warfare
Company of the military
police
Engineering
brigade
Battalion
connections
Command
rear division
Orchestra
Total in the division:
personnel, pers.
Tanks M1 "Abrams"
BMP M2 "Bradley"
BRM M3 "Bradley"
BTR M113
TMU
- 16108
- 317
- 232
71
- 159
36
155 mm SG
MLRS M270
120 mm CM
SPU ATGM "Tou"
PPU ATGM "Dragon"
ZRPK "Linebecker"
-
54
18
60
56
160
24
SAM "Avenger"
MANPADS "Stinger"
Helicopters AN-64
OH-58D helicopters
HelicoptersUH-60
Helicopters EN-60
-
24
30
24
16
24
3
14The structure of the "division of the XXI century"
headquarters and
headquarters company
Armored
brigade
Mechanized
brigades (2)
Commander
divisions
Artillery
divisions
anti-aircraft
missile
division
brigade
army
aviation
Battalion
intelligence
and electronic warfare
VP company
Command
rear division
Command
paragraph
divisions
Battalion
connections
15The structure of the reorganized "heavy" division
Personnel, people
Tanks M1 "Abrams"
BRM M3 "Bradley"
PC30 MLRS
155 mm self-propelled howitzers
120mm self-propelled mortars
Portable anti-tank systems "Javelin"
AH-64D attack helicopters
Helicopters UH-60
CH-47D transport helicopters
UAV
- up to 19000
- 232
- 116
- 18
- 64
- 54
- 208
- 48
- 50
- 12
- 64
16The structure of the "heavy" combat brigade
Personnel, people
Tanks М1А1 "Abrams"
BMP M2 "Bradley"
BRM M3 "Bradley"
155 mm self-propelled howitzers
120mm self-propelled mortars
Portable anti-tank systems "Javelin"
UAV
- around 3700
- 58
- 80
- 29
- 16
- 14
- 52
- 16
17QUESTION #2
GENERAL INFORMATION
ABOUT THE ARMED FORCES
MAIN NATO MEMBER COUNTRIES
(GERMANY AND UK)