home / Dark spots/ Yemtsa - a river in the Arkhangelsk region, a left tributary of the Northern Dvina. Yemtsa - a river in the Arkhangelsk region, the left tributary of the Northern Dvina The village of the emtsa river kholmogory in contact

Yemtsa - a river in the Arkhangelsk region, the left tributary of the Northern Dvina. Yemtsa - a river in the Arkhangelsk region, the left tributary of the Northern Dvina The village of the emtsa river kholmogory in contact

As before, they rode to the capricious voice of luck,
I will ride in the footsteps of past times...

And the temple of antiquity, amazing, white-columned,
Disappeared, like a vision, between these faded fields, -
I'm not sorry, I'm not sorry for the trampled royal crown,
But I'm sorry, but I'm sorry for the destroyed white churches! ..

Stay, stay, blue vaults of heaven!
Stay like a fairy tale, Sunday night fun!
Let the sun crown abundant shoots on arable land
An ancient crown of its ascending rays! ..

Nikolai Rubtsov

Shegren and Kastren considered the ethnic group em to be the Zavolochka miracle. Most likely, the name of the people "em" came from the Finnish "Hame", which means "wet, watery". CM. Solovyov believed that the name of the ethnic group "em, or yam" came from the place of residence in swampy, wet places, which is sufficiently represented on the toponymic map: the Emtsa, Emenga, Yemanikha rivers, Lake Emzo, the village of Yemanovo, the area of Emskaya Gora, Yemetskaya Hermitage , the village of Yemetskoye. Finnish researcher I.I. Mikkola believed that the Khyames population (em) moved in small numbers from west to east up to the north of Russia. This can be refuted by the fact that the settlement of Finland itself came from the east, as the Baltic states were freed from the glacier. I can imagine that at that time people were moving from busy landscapes to freer territories, but not vice versa.

The Yemtsa River, being a left tributary Northern Dvina, has a length of 188 km and flows into the Repny branch at 241 km from the mouth of the Northern Dvina. Top part The Yemetsky basin is located on the Onego-Dvinsky plateau, the lower one is within the Severodvinsk lowland. Four large tributaries flow into the Yemtsa: Sheleksa (56 km long), Tegra (114 km), Mekhrenga (231 km) and Vaymuga (152 km). total area The catchment area of Yemtsy is 14,100 sq. km. The Yemtsa River flows through the territory of the Plesetsk and Kholmogorsk districts of the Arkhangelsk region, originates in swampy places 4 km from the banks of the Onega River at an altitude of 84 m above sea level.

Among other Severodvinsk tributaries of the first order, the river. Yemtsa does not differ in significant size and water content, however, it has a number of features that make it possible to characterize it as a unique aquatic ecosystem. AT glacial period its channel was the beginning of the great water system, which united the basins of the Onega, Northern Dvina, Kuloi, Mezen and Pechora rivers. The presence of thick aquifers of limestone and gypsum karst in the Yemetsky catchment area causes the watercourses to be fed by groundwater, which flows out under the pressure of rocks to earth's surface. A large number of groundwater provides special thermal regime rec. AT winter period R. Emtsa (in the upper reaches) and the river. Sheleks (in the lower reaches) freeze only in the most severe frosts.

With warming in winter and with the onset of spring, the ice on the Yemtse melts in place, and therefore there is no pronounced ice drift on these rivers. In the middle reaches, instead of ice, only sludge forms on the Yemets, and freezing occurs only in the lower reaches. The Yemtsa is one of the two northern rivers in the world where there is no ice drift. In the lower reaches, instead of ice drift, at the end of April, rotating funnels appear on the river, around which the ice gradually melts. In summer, the water temperature rarely exceeds 15°C, the water flow is very stable in all seasons of the year. The mineralization of water in the rivers of the Yemetsky system is significantly higher than in non-karst rivers, and in the river. Mekhrenge, it generally reaches a record level for the Severodvinsk basin - about 2000 mg / dm3 during the winter low water period. Unique hydrological regime R. The Yemets and its tributaries causes a peculiar biota that differs from other rivers: the biomass of bottom invertebrates (zoobenthos) in the watercourses of the Yemets basin is the largest among medium and small rivers of the European North - more than twice the average for the basins of other Severodvinsk tributaries of the first order. The zoobenthos contains a high proportion of invertebrates demanding water purity - mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies. Unlike other Severodvinsk tributaries, where more than 50% of the fish population is minnow, in the river. The share of fish of the salmon-whitefish complex in Yemtse is about 80-85%. At the same time, grayling dominates in the composition of the ichthyofauna.

A large number of houses built in the Russian White Sea style on the Yemtsa River refutes the theory that this territory was settled from the south by the Ilmen Novgorodians. There, houses were built in completely different styles - Krivichi and Novgorod.

The theory of the ancient (in the 9th-10th centuries) penetration of the Slavs (Novgorodians) into Zavolochye today official history is considered indisputable, and this dogma, in my opinion, interferes with the correct understanding of the historical process on the territory of northern Russia-Russia. So, T. Minina and N. Sharov in the book "Yemchane" wrote: "Everywhere Chud merged with the Russian population Slavic tribe, and the entire population of the Arkhangelsk province is now purely Russian people (Great Russians), but the mixing of individual tribes with purebred Russians in the Arkhangelsk province is more noticeable than in other provinces. "In recent decades, it has become clear, however, that genetically the population of the Arkhangelsk region is very far from the Slavic ethnic groups. So the Great Russians are not genetically related to the Slavs. But then who are they? Unfortunately, this mystery has not been solved so far, there are only hypotheses. But they all proceed from the fact that the Novgorod Slavs came to Zavolochye, imposed their own culture, their own language, swallowed up the aboriginal population - the Chud Zavolochskaya, and those who did not submit were killed, or they themselves "went underground."

In 1042: “Ide Volodimer, the son of Yaroslavl, to Yam, and I won, and Volodimer, howling the horses at the howl, as if still breathing a horse, ripped off the skin from them, a fraction of the sea in the horses” (Complete collection of Russian chronicles, further - PSRL). But how did Volodimer enter "such wilderness" on horseback? It means that some roads-paths were still in the northern dense forests, and these paths-paths were obviously not arranged by Volodimer's soldiers. Under 1187, the Novgorodians, tribute collectors, were killed beyond the Volok and on the Pechora, about a hundred of them died. It is characteristic that the uprising took place in different places and at the same time. I think that there was no uprising by agreement, because neither mail nor the Internet existed then. It’s just that everywhere they could, the Novgorod tribute collectors were spread rot. And what was the tribute for? There is no protection from princes - not princes, but the most ordinary racketeers.

In 1188, Novgorod fellows (presumably, racketeers-robbers) went to Yem. The Novgorodians, along with the Karelians, went to Yem and in 1191, its land was ruined, burned and the cattle were killed. In 1226, "Yaroslav Svyatoslavich went to eat across the sea, where not a single Russian prince could be." This means that in the XIII century. the Russian princes were just beginning to explore the northwest, and this was one of their first campaigns. And in 1227, Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went with the Novgorodians to Yem and committed robbery and devastation on German soil. The following year, Yem decided to avenge the devastation of her land and began to devastate the Novgorod lands on ships across the Ladoga Sea-Lake. But the battle ended with the defeat of Emi.

In 1255, "Prince Alexander (Nevsky) went to the bottom of the floodplain, the ambassadors of Novgorod Eleuferya and Mikhail Pineshchinich, and put your son Vasily on the table. Prince Alexander fought with the people of Novgorod Em." From the information of the chroniclers, we can judge the relationship between the Novgorodians and the Zavolochka Chud as very unfriendly even in the 13th century.

In the “Statute of Svyatoslav Olgerdovich” of 1137, he is obliged to pay tribute to the “ambulance” - in furs, and no amount or number of furs is indicated. Obviously, this record was preceded by a campaign in 1123, when the city was conquered. But she was not going to put up with this state of affairs and made raids on Novgorod and its lands. An example is the campaign of 1141: "I came to eat in the same summer." The struggle of Novgorod with the Emyu continued with varying success for several centuries, which once again proves the militancy of the Em.

A.I. Ageev wrote: “The “overseas guests” - the Swedes, Norwegians and Finns - also robbed in the North. In the Tarasov archives there are memories of a village resident Ivan Vasilievich Lopatin, which were recorded and supplemented by his son Nikolai Ivanovich: the disease is “night blindness.” Considering this to be God's punishment, the invaders did not go further, and the hill where the village was located was called the “holy mountain”, “scrofula” - after the name “chicken disease”.

Em lived in Zaonezhye in the Onega basin, controlled the portage area from the river. Onega in the river. Emtsu, along which it was possible to get to the Northern Dvina. “Through the portage near the village of Pustynki, on the Onega River, crossing the Yemtsa River, they got into the Northern Dvina,” reports A.I. Ageev. However, the first documentary mention of the German settlement that has come down to us is contained in the hundredth book of Nikita Yakhontov of 1592. In Ivan Voeikov’s “Scribal Book” (1621-1622) this settlement is said: “In the Kargopol district in the Turchasovsky camp on the Onega River , on the Yemetsky portage, the wretched Annunciation monastery, and in that monastery the elder Osei lives in a cell. "Probably, only then, in the 16th century, Christian preachers began to penetrate these places and set up hermitages and monasteries here.

Last mention about the Emi ethnos is found in chronicles in the first half of the 13th century. From the 12th century It became a bone of contention between Swedes and Novgorodians. During this struggle, part of the Emi went to Finland and, possibly, to Estonia. The other part stayed and mixed with the newcomers, adopted their language. The name of the river and two villages remained from the tribe that disappeared without a trace.

Novgorod ushkuiniki (robbers) in Zavolochye. Somehow they do not fit in with the official historical doctrine that already in the tenth century. the territory of the present Arkhangelsk region was settled by Novgorodians, annalistic reports of military clashes between Emi and Novgorodians. Until the XIII-XIV centuries. the local aborigines stubbornly resisted and even raided the Novgorod lands themselves. There were a lot of fortresses similar to the one depicted in this picture in Zavolochye, it’s just that chronicles are silent about them, and folk legends up to the 19th-20th centuries. no one recorded.

N.M. Karamzin wrote: “In 1240, we sailed on ships against Novgorod and wanted to take Ladoga.” But Ladoga is located in the lower reaches of the Volkhva, and one could come there along Lake Onega, and get into Lake Onega from the Onega River. Karamzin believed that Alexander's campaign in 1256 passed through Kaporye. But the inhabitants of Ladoga went not to Finland, but to the Onega River, and they went there through Kargopol, and not Koporye. In the time of Alexander, the Ladoga and Onega lakes were called seas, beyond which Novgorodians could go to Onega. The chronicler or scribe of the chronicle could make a mistake and insert the word "Koporye" instead of the word "Kargopol".

Agriculture in the Yem River basin was widespread and its history goes back many centuries. Houses in the Russian style are widespread along the shores of the White Sea, in the lower and middle reaches of the Northern Dvina, on the Onega and on the Yemets too. For some reason, there are practically no houses of this style in the Novgorod region. If the White Sea region was inhabited by people from Novgorod, then why didn’t they bring their style of building houses here?

A.A. Kuratov, I.M. Terebihin reports that the village of Ratonavolok near Yemetsk is associated in legends with fierce battles between the Chudskaya Yemi and the Novgorod Slavs. According to legend, the remnants of the tribe defeated by the Novgorodians “fled” from Yemtsy to the forest jungle of the right-bank Dvina and settled in the upper reaches of the Yula, Pokshenga and Nemnyuga rivers, merging with the “Pinezh Chud”. According to legend, military clashes with the Novgorodians were commonplace. And this is quite understandable. Not for empty wild place Novgorodians came, and to Biarmia - the country of the Zavolochskaya Chud. After all, the "biarms" of the Scandinavian sagas are identical to the "emi" of the Russian chronicles. G.S. Lebedev places Biarmia between Lake Onega and the Northern Dvina - just in the habitat of the Emi ethnic group. By the way, the Veps recognize the Chud as their ancestors, and the entire Arkhangelsk land is dotted with Veps toponyms. The Veps settled in small "nests" along the rivers and lakes. Such "nests" of settlements, judging by toponyms and medieval written sources, existed in the basins of Onega, Northern Dvina, Vaga, Pinega, Mezen.

In 1869, A.G. Tyshinsky, who called it "chudsky". The first archaeological surveys on the settlement were carried out in 1896. Soviet time The settlement was studied by: K.P. Reva, L.S. Kititsyna, A.A. Kuratov, O.V. Ovsyannikov. There were found remains of log dwellings, remains of earthen fortifications, an iron battle axe, fragments of pottery, iron knives, fragments of a castle, kitchenware, petiole knives, rings, forged nails. Remains of residential and utility buildings were found in the form of burnt and decayed crowns of wood, fragments of clay coating and ash-coal stains from the stove. The ancient settlement is located 1.5 km southeast of the village, near the confluence of the Vaimugi and Yemtsy rivers, and occupies the western part of the cape stretching between lakes Zadvorsky and Efanovsky. The town had in plan irregular shape- 210x30 m. The thickness of the cultural layer here is from 0.4 to 2 m. The basis of the rampart was a row of cages, chopped “in a cloud” from pine logs with a diameter of 0.2 m, partially unrooted, standing along the rampart almost right next to each other. Chopped cages measuring 3x2x1 m held back the sandy parapet of the rampart. Examination of the shaft led to the discovery of a log palisade in the form of stakes pointed downwards. At present, this settlement has been destroyed (A.G. Tyshinsky, 1871; K.P. Reva, 1896; O.V. Ovsyannikov, 1965, 1975; A.A. Kuratov, N.M. Terebikhin, 1970).

Finno-Ugric ethnic groups lived in large wooden houses separated by partitions into rooms. More ancient are "long houses" with enfilade placement of premises. A house with a layout of housing + canopy + cage was widespread. Later, the crate began to turn into housing, and in the hallway they made a kitchen and a pantry. The Finno-Ugric type of house was described by me earlier (see the article "Russian House" on this site). Judging by the two types of houses that are found on the territory of Biarmia, two ethnic groups really lived and coexisted peacefully here: the Fino-Ugric and some other, but not Novgorod. I believe that this ethnic group was the northern sailors - the White Sea Rus.

Having met in Zavolochye the settlements of the aboriginal Lapps (Saami), the Finno-Ugrians - settlers from the Urals - assimilated part of the Lapps, and pushed a part to the north. But over time, they became Russified. The fair-haired and dark-haired Fino-Ugrians are probably the descendants of different ethnic groups that came to Zavolochye in different streams and in different time, but having come here, for several millennia they interacted with each other and with the indigenous inhabitants of these places (more precisely, with the first settlers) - the Sami. I think that the dark-haired and brown-eyed Finno-Ugrians came from the southeast from the Kama basin, but the fair-haired, blue-eyed and taller ones migrated along the coast of the Kara, Barents and White Seas, going along the rivers quite far to the south. They were sea hunters and fishermen. Most likely, they came to Zavolochye earlier than the dark-haired ones, perhaps even simultaneously with the Saami. On the Chukotka Peninsula until the 20th century. two cultures coexisted and closely interacted - the Eskimos (sea hunters) and the Chukchi (reindeer herders). Something similar could have happened in the European north, where blond tall coast-dwellers coexisted with Sami reindeer herders.

Such light birch bark canoes were used by the Zavolochskaya Chud in ancient times. They could be easily carried through portages.

It turns out that birch bark boats are made in our time. In the Middle Ages, it was on such canoes that furs were transported along small rivers and lakes, first by the Biarms, and then by the Novgorodians and Rostov-Suzdalians.

The Finno-Ugric peoples used unpaired skis: there were two skis, but one was long and the other short, the skis were with grooves. They pushed off with a short ski, and glided, transferring weight to a long one. Such skis were used in the 8th-10th centuries. and certainly in more ancient times.

The Yemtsa River flows into the Northern Dvina (Vina, as it was called in ancient times), and at its mouth is the ancient town of Yemetsk. I noticed the character of the houses in this city. Surprisingly, most of the houses here were built in the Russian style - with a gable roof, an obligatory light room (mansard), a hemmed cornice and retractable rafters. You can read more about the Russian house on this site. I turn to it Special attention, since in the Novgorod region the houses were built in a completely different type - with gable roofs and without light fixtures. Houses of the Russian type are also common in the Rostov-Suzdal land and in the south of the Vologda Territory.

It must be assumed that the Yemtsy basin occupied a central position in ancient Biarmia and played important role in the economy of this country. It was the shortest route from the Northern Dvina to the Onega River and further to the south and west of Europe. Unfortunately, the great past of the Emi ethnic group and the country of Biarmia (Russia of the White Sea) is forgotten. To a large extent, Christian preachers contributed to this. But it no longer seems strange and incredible to me that the Russian cosmodrome is located on the banks of the Yemtsy, and not in some other place.

After Kholmogor, Yemetsk was the second center of the Biarmia and also a very important point in this country. From here began the path from the Northern Dvina to Pinega. It is no coincidence that Novgorodians rushed here in the 11th-13th centuries. But it took at least 300 years to subjugate the Biarms and annex Zavolochye and the White Sea to Moscow Russia.

The Finnish peoples of the ancient north of Russia (Russified Zavolochskaya Chud, Karelians, Komi, etc.), according to many, were extremely "uncivilized", and even more so "unliterate". It is believed that Christian preachers gave these peoples writing. But it turns out that the Komi people had an alphabet - Abur. Its creation was attributed to St. Stephen of Perm, who in the XIV century. preached Christianity in these parts. The learned world was introduced to this script by Karamzin, who found one of the Abur lists in Miller's papers in 1829. Stefan Simeonovich, Bishop of Perm, thoroughly studied the Komi language and allegedly compiled the Perm alphabet. The note also states that "to compile this alphabet, he used Perm banknotes, carved on thin quadrangular sticks." So, the Komi still had some signs then. However, another unique source has been preserved - the staff of Stephen of Perm with a description of his exploits on the bone overlays. And the text on the staff says that at baptism, the Permians gave Stefan their "Law" - a book written by the pagans themselves. So the Perm letter is not the merit of St. Stephen at all, but most likely, the pagan Magi of the Komi people. Perhaps the pagan Permian writing is older than the Cyrillic alphabet.

Acquaintance with the ancient Komi script leads to the following conclusions:

1. Abur has no resemblance to Cyrillic, which can be well adapted to the Komi language. It is not clear why Stefan needed to invent a special alphabet - special letters. Now the Komi use the Cyrillic alphabet for writing.

2. Abur is clearly similar to Greek writing, although the letters in it are greatly modified. If this writing arose in the XIV century, then why in the XV-XVI centuries. Has she become obsolete?

Stephen of Perm did not create abur, which, judging by the use of beta (instead of vita), was formed much earlier from ancient Greek pre-Byzantine writing.

It may be objected that there is no evidence of the existence of writing and written literature among the Komi before the time of Stefan. But here it must be said that the Christians did a good job, destroying all traces ancient civilization. I think that it is no coincidence that all the archives in Kargopol burned down during a fire in the 18th century.

I believe that there was writing in Biarmia. But, unfortunately, history has not preserved any written sources of that time.

I cannot but quote a few poems by the great poet of Northern Russia N.M. Rubtsov, whose fate is no less tragic than the fate of his homeland. Moreover, in him, as in many of us, the blood of the Biarms flowed - the blood of the ethnic group.

Yes, I will die!
And what is it?
At least now from the revolver to the forehead!
...May be,
Undertaker is sensible
Make me a good coffin.
And what do I need a good coffin for?
Bury me anyway!
My pathetic trail
Will be trampled
With the shoes of other vagabonds.
And everything will remain
As it was,
On Earth, not for everyone dear ...
It will be the same
Shine Luminary
On the spitting globe of the earth!

Bouquet

I will be long
Drive a bike.
In the deaf meadows I will stop him.
Narva flowers.
And I'll give you a bouquet
The girl that I love.
I will tell her:
- Alone with others
You forgot about our meetings
And so in memory of me
Take these
Humble flowers! —
She will take.
But again at a late hour,
When the fog thickens and sadness
She will pass
Without looking up
Not even smiling...
Well, let.
I will be long
ride a bike,
In the deaf meadows I will stop him.
I just want
To take a bouquet
The girl I love...

I love it when birch trees rustle
When the leaves fall from the birches.
I listen and tears come
Eyes weary of tears.
Everything will wake up in memory involuntarily,
Resounds in the heart and in the blood.
It will become somehow joyful and painful,
As if someone is whispering about love.
Only prose wins more often,
As if the wind of gloomy days will blow.
After all, the same birch makes noise
Above my mother's grave.
In the war, father was killed by a bullet,
And in our village near the fences
With wind and rain rustled like a beehive,
Here is the same yellow leaf fall ...
My Russia, I love your birches!
From the first years I lived and grew up with them.
That's why tears come
Into eyes weary of tears..

In the Upper Room

There is light in my chamber.
It's from the night star.
Mother will take a bucket,
Silently bring water...

My red flowers
Everything in the garden withered.
Boat on the river bank
It will soon rot completely.

Slumbering on my wall
Willow lace shadow,
Tomorrow I have under her
It's going to be a busy day!

I will water the flowers
Think about your destiny
I'll be up to the night star
Build your own boat...

In moments of sad music
I represent the yellow splash
And the woman's farewell voice,
And the noise of impetuous birches,
And the first snow under the gray sky
Among the fading fields
And the path without the sun, the path without faith
Cranes driven by snow...
For a long time the soul is tired of wandering
AT past love, in the former hop,
It's high time to understand
That I love ghosts too much.
But all the same, in the dwellings of unsteady -
Try to stop them! -
Calling to each other, violins cry
About yellow reach, about love.
And still under the sky low
I see clearly, to tears,
And a yellow splash, and a close voice,
And the noise of impetuous birches.
As if the farewell hour is eternal,
It's like time doesn't matter...
In moments of sad music
Don't talk about anything.

All houses in Yemetsk at the beginning of the 20th century were built in the Russian style. This style of the Varangians-Rus smashed far beyond the borders of Northern Russia. Such houses until recently prevailed on the territory of the Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Moscow, Ivanovo and Kostroma regions. The Varangians-Rus were not Finns, nor were they Krivichi or Slovenes from Ilmen. This was the ethnos that created the Biarmia or White Sea Rus, and later became the core of the Great Russian superethnos.

In Yemetsk already 100 years ago there were stone-paved streets - a sign big city. Nothing in this city speaks of poverty, devastation and savagery.

Today it is difficult to imagine that the village of Kholmogory was once Holmgard. Historians who convince everyone that Holmgart is Veliky Novgorod, and not Kholmogory, refer to the fact that there are no mountains here and no archaeological finds no. But they didn't really dig. But next to Kholmogory there is another village - Matigory, and higher along the Northern Dvina on its right bank is the village of Khavrogory. And all these names are understandable within the framework of the Russian language: Khavrogory - beautiful mountains(remember the little havroshechka from the fairy tale?), Kholmogory are the hills of the mountain, and Matigory are the mother mountains (remember: "Don't make noise mother green debravushka, give me the good fellow to think").

A.V. Galanin: "Chud Zavolochskaya"

Search for a map of a city, village, region or country

River Yemtsa. Yandex map.

Allows you to: change the scale; measure distances; switch display modes - scheme, satellite view, hybrid. The Yandex-maps mechanism is used, it contains: districts, street names, house numbers, and other objects of cities and large villages, allows you to perform search by address(square, avenue, street + house number, etc.), for example: "Lenin street 3", "Reka-Emts hotels", etc.

If you did not find something, try the section Google Satellite Map: River Yemtsa or a vector map from OpenStreetMap: River-Emtsa.

Link to the selected object on the map can be sent by e-mail, icq, sms or posted on the site. For example, to show the meeting point, delivery address, location of a store, cinema, train station, etc.: align the object with the marker in the center of the map, copy the link on the left above the map and send it to the addressee - by the marker in the center, he will determine the place you specified .

Reka-Emtsa - online map with a satellite view: streets, houses, districts and other objects.

To change the scale, use the "mouse" scroll wheel, the "+ -" slider on the left, or the "Zoom in" button in the upper left corner of the map; to view a satellite view or a national map - select the corresponding menu item in the upper right corner; to measure the distance - click the ruler at the bottom right and put points on the map.

Arkhangelsk region - River Yemtsa: interactive map from Yandex. Vector diagram and satellite photo - with streets and houses, roads, address search and routing, measuring distances, the ability to get a link to the selected object on the map - to send to the addressee or place on the site.

Yemtsa - river, left tributary.It flows through the territories of the Plesetsk and Kholmogorsk districts of the Arkhangelsk region.The Yemtsa River originates from the confluence of two small tributaries - the Regma River and the Krestovaya River, flowing along a swampy watershed to the east of. The length of the Yemtsa River is 188 km, the area drainage basin– 14100 km 2 . The total fall of the river is 75 m, the slope is 0.399 ‰.It flows into the Repny branch.

According to the most common version, the name of the Yemtsa River comes from the word em - collection, tax, duty, bribe.

Settlements.

The lower reaches of the Yemtsa River are densely populated.In the direction from the source to the mouth, the following settlements are located on the Yemtsa River:

with. Shestovo, p. Savinsky, with. Savinsky, s. Emtsa River, Mirny, with. Taimuga, p. Ust-Mekhrenga(mouth of the Mehrenga River), p. Pogost, p. Zapolye, p. Volost, s. Shiltsevo, s. Yemetsk(confluence of the Waimuga River), zaruchevye, Veliky Dvor, Oseredok, Suction, Zolotka, Lower End, Ust-Emets.

Not far from the river is the city of Plesetsk, with the eponymous spaceport.

Driveways.

You can get to the Yemtsa River along the M-8 federal highway. Local roads branching off from the M-8 connect all settlements from the mouth to the village of Zapolye.

From Yemetsk you can get by road to the village of Pogost, from Pogost to the village of Ust-Mekhrenga.

The upper reaches of the river can be reached along the P-1 highway, which branches off from the M-8 to the southwest.

The Yemtsa River is included in the list waterways RF and navigable for 10 km from the mouth to the village. Yemetsk.

main tributaries.

The largest tributaries of the Yemtsa River are the Mekhrenga River, a tributary that is longer than the Yemtsa itself, as well as the rivers and the Tegra.

All major left and right tributaries of the Yemtsa River.

Left side:

- , river at 11 km from the mouth of the river Yemtsa, length 152 km;

- , river at 48 km from mouth, length 114 km;

- Dry Sheleksa, the river on 169 km from mouth, length 17 km;

- Sheleksa, the river on 172 km from mouth, length 56 km;

— Xiamenga, the river 186 km from the mouth of the river Yemtsa, length 12 km;

Right handed:

- Bolshaya Chacha, river at 9 km from the mouth of the river Yemtsa, length 92 km;

- Yoga (Ega), river at 33 km from mouth, length 27 km;

- Mehrenga (Megrenga), a river on 68 km from mouth, length 231 km;

— Kochmas, the river 134 km from the mouth of the river Yemtsa, length 37 km;

- Izhozhka (Izhoshka), the river on 152 km from mouth, length 18 km;

- Pyarga, brook at 172 km from the mouth of the river Yemtsa, length 10 km.

relief, soil and vegetation.

In the upper reaches, the Yemtsa River flows through a heavily swampy area. The soils are peat. Karst is developed in the lower and middle reaches. The vegetation is represented by taiga forests with a predominance of spruce, in the upper reaches - marsh vegetation.

hydrological regime.

The Yemtsa River flows in a direction from west to east, then gradually turns to the northeast, to the north, and shortly before it flows into the Northern Dvina, it again flows in a northeasterly direction.

The Yemtsa River is usually divided into upper, middle and lower reaches.

AT upstream typical for Yemtsy rapid current, many thresholds and rifts. The width of the river reaches 20 m, the floodplain is almost absent.

In the middle and lower reaches, the river expands, the river becomes full-flowing, and the flow slows down.

The river is fed by mixed snow and soil, as well as rain. The water flow is 70 m³/s. Due to the large share of groundwater in the feeding of the Yemtsa River, the river does not freeze in the upper reaches in winter. In the middle reaches, sludge forms, and freeze-up is observed only in the lower reaches. Also, there is no ice drift on the Yemtsa River. Instead of an ice drift, funnels form in the lower reaches of the river, around which the gradual melting of ice occurs. In summer, the water temperature in the Yemtsa River usually does not rise above 12 degrees Celsius. Perhaps this phenomenon is with the developed karst of the area where the river flows.

Ichthyofauna.

The following fish species constantly live and migrate in the Yemtsa River: bream, pike, burbot, perch, crucian carp, roach, ide, silver bream, grayling, vendace, minnow, bleak, ruff, smelt, whitefish. Of the anadromous species - salmon, lamprey, nelma.

Tourism and rest.

The Emtsa River flows through beautiful places with existing access roads. As active rest rafting on the Yemtsa River is possible, as well as fishing on the Yemtsa River. There are many graylings in the upper reaches of the river.

Reference Information.

Name: Yemtsa river

Length: 188 km

Pool area: 14100 km²

- Location - Height - Coordinates The country

Russia, Russia

Region District R: Rivers in alphabetical order R: Water bodies in alphabetical order R: Rivers up to 500 km in length R: River card: fill in: Coordinates of the source of the river over one hundred km R: Wikipedia: Articles without images (type: not specified) R: River card: fix: Mouth K:River Card: fix: Mouth/Basin

Geography

The source of the Yemtsy River is located 4 km from the banks of the Onega River on its watershed with the Northern Dvina. The source is located in a rather swampy place. From its source to the mouth of the Yemets, it flows to the northeast, only slightly changing the direction of the flow. The Yemtsy can be divided into upper, middle and lower. All settlements on the Yemtsa are in the upper and middle reaches, since the middle course of the Yemtsa is located on the territory of ZATO Mirny (now there are several abandoned villages, for example Kodysh, Taymuga). In the upper reaches of the Yemets is the village of Savinsky. In the upper reaches of the Yemtsy there is a fast current, quite a lot of rapids, the width of the river does not exceed 20 m, the floodplain is almost absent. The width of the river at the railway bridge across the Yemtsa (near the village of Reka-Emtsa) is 30 m. The lower course of the Yemtsy starts from the confluence largest tributary Yemtsy - Mekhrengi, which, although it is a tributary of the Yemtsy, is longer and more abundant than the Yemtsy (the length of the Mekhrengi, for comparison, is 231 km, and the Yemtsy at the time of the confluence of the Mekhrengi is 120 km.). The lower reaches of the Yemtsy are quite densely populated: there are more than 20 villages in 68 km of the lower reaches. The largest village in the lower reaches of the Yemtsy is Yemetsk. Karst is developed in the Yemtsa basin, which distinguishes the Yemtsa from other first-order tributaries of the Northern Dvina. The water in Yemets is highly mineralized. The Yemtsa River is navigable in spring until Ust-Mekhrengi, in summer - to Yemetsk. The same species of fish are found in the Emtse River as in the Northern Dvina. There are quite a lot of grayling in the upper reaches.

Settlements

Melandovo
Shestovo
Savinsky
River-Emtsa
Ust-Mekhrenga
Shiltsevo
Zapolye
Chukhcha
fence
Fateevs
Grasshopper
Taratins
Podgor
Aksyonovs
Zaruchevye
Great Court
Oseredok
Lower Zapolye
Bottom End
Ust-Emets

tributaries

Xiamenga (left)
Sheleksa (left)
Parga (right)
Dry Sheleks (left)
Izhozhka (right)
Kochmas (right)
Mehrenga (right)
Tegra (left)
Yoga (right)
Weimuga (left)
Big Chacha (right)

Story

Due to the proximity of the upper reaches of the Yemtsa to the Onega River, the Yemtsa was part of the route of the Novgorodians to the White Sea (through the Northern Dvina). Boats, both military and commercial, sailed along the Yemtse. The name Yemtsy is mentioned in a wooden cylinder-lock (seal) No. 1 found in Veliky Novgorod at the Nerevsky end in 1951 in a layer of the third quarter of the 11th century. 3". For the word "Yomts" N.A. Makarov proposed in 2003 an interpretation of the name of the river (the left tributary of the Northern Dvina) and the volost adjacent to it, instead of the previous interpretation from "єmts" - tribute collector, swordsman. Cylinder No. 4, found in 1973 in the Zagorodsky end in the layer of the 11th century, had a short transverse channel, which was tightly filled with a slightly conical wooden plug, and the opposite (narrower) end was split and wedged, the inscription on the cylinder “Emtsa 10 hryvnia". In 1137 ( in summer 6645) near the mouth of the Yemtsy, the town (pogost) of Yemetsk (the modern village of Yemetsk) was founded.

In the upper reaches of the Yemtsa, there is a very fast current, quite a lot of springs feed the Yemtsa, so the Yemtsa does not freeze in the upper reaches (although the Yemtsa is located on the 63rd parallel). In the middle reaches, instead of ice, only sludge forms on the Yemets, and freezing occurs only in the lower reaches. In addition, there is no ice drift on Yemets! The Yemtsa is one of two rivers in the world where there is no ice drift, although it should be due to geographical location. In the lower reaches, instead of ice drift, at the end of April, rotating funnels appear on the river, around which the ice gradually melts. The nature of this phenomenon is still controversial among scientists.
Until recently, in order to get into the middle reaches of the Yemtsy, it was necessary to obtain a special pass.

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Notes

Links

Yemtsa (a river in the Arkhangelsk region) // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.



tributaries

An excerpt characterizing Yemets (river)

- No, this is the choir from the Water Carrier, do you hear! - And Natasha finished singing the motive of the choir in order to make Sonya understand it.
– Where did you go? Natasha asked.
- Change the water in the glass. I'm painting the pattern now.
“You are always busy, but I don’t know how,” said Natasha. - Where is Nikolai?
Sleeping, it seems.
“Sonya, you go wake him up,” said Natasha. - Say that I call him to sing. - She sat, thought about what it meant, that it all happened, and, without resolving this issue and not at all regretting it, she was again transported in her imagination to the time when she was with him, and he, with loving eyes looked at her.
“Oh, I wish he would come soon. I'm so afraid it won't! And most importantly: I'm getting old, that's what! There will be no more what is now in me. Or maybe he will come today, he will come now. Maybe he came and sits there in the living room. Maybe he arrived yesterday and I forgot. She got up, put down her guitar and went into the living room. All the household, teachers, governesses and guests were already sitting at the tea table. People stood around the table - but Prince Andrei was not there, and there was still the old life.
“Ah, here she is,” said Ilya Andreevich, seeing Natasha come in. - Well, sit down with me. But Natasha stopped beside her mother, looking around, as if she was looking for something.
- Mum! she said. “Give it to me, give it to me, mother, hurry, hurry,” and again she could hardly restrain her sobs.
She sat down at the table and listened to the conversations of the elders and Nikolai, who also came to the table. “My God, my God, the same faces, the same conversations, the same dad holds a cup and blows the same way!” thought Natasha, feeling with horror the disgust that rose in her against all the household because they were still the same.
After tea, Nikolai, Sonya and Natasha went to the sofa room, to their favorite corner, in which their most intimate conversations always began.

“It happens to you,” Natasha said to her brother when they sat down in the sofa room, “it happens to you that it seems to you that nothing will happen - nothing; that all that was good was? And not just boring, but sad?
- And how! - he said. - It happened to me that everything was fine, everyone was cheerful, but it would occur to me that all this was already tired and that everyone needed to die. Once I didn’t go to the regiment for a walk, and there was music playing ... and I suddenly became bored ...
“Ah, I know that. I know, I know, - Natasha picked up. “I was still little, so it happened to me. Remember, since they punished me for plums and you all danced, and I sat in the classroom and sobbed, I will never forget: I was sad and felt sorry for everyone, and for myself, and I felt sorry for everyone. And, most importantly, I was not to blame, - said Natasha, - do you remember?
“I remember,” Nikolai said. - I remember that I came to you later and I wanted to console you and, you know, I was ashamed. We were awfully funny. I had a bobblehead toy then and I wanted to give it to you. Do you remember?
“Do you remember,” Natasha said with a thoughtful smile, how long, long ago, we were still very young, our uncle called us into the office, back in the old house, and it was dark - we came and suddenly it was standing there ...
“Arap,” Nikolai finished with a joyful smile, “how can you not remember? Even now I don’t know that it was a black man, or we saw it in a dream, or we were told.
- He was gray, remember, and white teeth - he stands and looks at us ...
Do you remember Sonya? Nicholas asked...
“Yes, yes, I also remember something,” Sonya answered timidly ...
“I asked my father and mother about this arap,” said Natasha. “They say there was no arap. But you do remember!
- How, as now I remember his teeth.
How strange, it was like a dream. I like it.
- Do you remember how we rolled eggs in the hall and suddenly two old women began to spin on the carpet. Was it or not? Do you remember how good it was?
- Yes. Do you remember how daddy in a blue coat on the porch fired a gun. - They sorted through, smiling with pleasure, memories, not sad senile, but poetic youthful memories, those impressions from the most distant past, where the dream merges with reality, and laughed quietly, rejoicing at something.
Sonya, as always, lagged behind them, although their memories were common.
Sonya did not remember much of what they remembered, and what she remembered did not arouse in her that poetic feeling that they experienced. She only enjoyed their joy, trying to imitate it.
She took part only when they recalled Sonya's first visit. Sonya told how she was afraid of Nikolai, because he had cords on his jacket, and her nanny told her that they would sew her into cords too.
“But I remember: they told me that you were born under cabbage,” said Natasha, “and I remember that then I did not dare not to believe, but I knew that this was not true, and I was so embarrassed.
During this conversation, the maid's head poked out of the back door of the divan. - Young lady, they brought a rooster, - the girl said in a whisper.
“Don’t, Polya, tell them to take it,” said Natasha.
In the middle of conversations going on in the sofa room, Dimmler entered the room and approached the harp in the corner. He took off the cloth, and the harp made a false sound.
“Eduard Karlych, please play my favorite Monsieur Filda’s Nocturiene,” said the voice of the old countess from the drawing room.
Dimmler took a chord and, turning to Natasha, Nikolai and Sonya, said: - Young people, how quietly they sit!
“Yes, we are philosophizing,” said Natasha, looking around for a minute, and continued the conversation. The conversation was now about dreams.
Dimmler began to play. Natasha inaudibly, on tiptoe, went up to the table, took the candle, carried it out, and, returning, quietly sat down in her place. It was dark in the room, especially on the sofa on which they sat, but the silver light of a full moon fell on the floor through the large windows.

The drag from the Onega River to the Yemtsa River is lined with such logs. Photo from the site: http://www.emezk.ru/forum/topic.aspx?topic_id=11&page=5

Among other Severodvinsk tributaries of the first order, the river. The Yemtsa does not differ in significant size and water content, however, it has a number of features that make it possible to characterize it as a unique aquatic ecosystem. During the ice age, its channel was the beginning of a great water system that united the basins of the Onega, Northern Dvina, Kuloi, Mezen and Pechora rivers. The presence of thick aquifers of limestone and gypsum karst in the Yemetsky catchment area causes the watercourses to be fed by groundwater, which emerges under the pressure of rocks to the earth's surface. A large amount of groundwater provides a special thermal regime of rivers. In winter, the river Emtsa (in the upper reaches) and the river. Sheleks (in the lower reaches) freeze only in the most severe frosts.

With warming in winter and with the onset of spring, the ice on the Yemtse melts in place, and therefore there is no pronounced ice drift on these rivers. In the middle reaches, instead of ice, only sludge forms on the Yemets, and freezing occurs only in the lower reaches. The Yemtsa is one of the two northern rivers in the world where there is no ice drift. In the lower reaches, instead of ice drift, at the end of April, rotating funnels appear on the river, around which the ice gradually melts. In summer, the water temperature rarely exceeds 15°C, the water flow is very stable in all seasons of the year. The mineralization of water in the rivers of the Yemetsky system is significantly higher than in non-karst rivers, and in the river. Mekhrenge, it generally reaches a record level for the Severodvinsk basin - about 2000 mg / dm3 during the winter low water period. The unique hydrological regime of the river. The Yemets and its tributaries determines a peculiar biota that differs from other rivers: the biomass of benthic invertebrates (zoobenthos) in the watercourses of the Yemets basin is the largest among medium and small rivers of the European North - more than twice the average for the basins of other Severodvinsk tributaries of the first order. The zoobenthos contains a high proportion of water-demanding invertebrates – mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies. Unlike other Severodvinsk tributaries, where more than 50% of the fish population is minnow, in the river. The share of fish of the salmon-whitefish complex in the Yemtse is about 80–85%. At the same time, grayling dominates in the composition of the ichthyofauna.

The theory of the ancient (in the 9th–10th centuries) penetration of the Slavs (Novgorodians) into Zavolochye is today considered indisputable by official history, and this dogma, in my opinion, prevents a correct understanding of the historical process on the territory of northern Russia-Russia. So, T. Minina and N. Sharov in the book "Emchane" wrote: "Everywhere Chud merged with the Russian population of the Slavic tribe, and the entire population of the Arkhangelsk province is now purely Russian people (Great Russians), but the mixing of individual tribes with purebred Russians in the Arkhangelsk province more noticeable than in other provinces. In recent decades, however, it has become clear that genetically the population of the Arkhangelsk region is very far from the Slavic ethnic groups. So the Great Russians are not genetically related to the Slavs. But then who are they? Unfortunately, this mystery has not been solved so far, there are only hypotheses. But they all proceed from the fact that the Slavs of Novgorod came to Zavolochye, imposed their culture, their language, absorbed the native population - the Zavolochka Chud, and killed those who did not submit, or they themselves "went underground."

The Emtsa River in the middle reaches near the village of Emtsa. Photo from the site: http://www.emezk.ru/catalog/vilage-photo/doc/240/

In 1042: "Ide Volodimer, the son of Yaroslavl, to Yam, and I won, and Volodimer, howling the horses at the howl, as if still breathing a horse, ripped off the skin from them, a fraction of the sea in the horses" (Complete collection of Russian chronicles, further - PSRL). But how did Volodimer enter "such wilderness" on horseback? It means that some roads-paths were still in the northern dense forests, and these paths-paths were obviously not arranged by Volodimer's soldiers. Under 1187, the Novgorodians, tribute collectors, were killed beyond the Volok and on the Pechora, about a hundred of them died. It is characteristic that the uprising took place in different places and at the same time. I think that there was no uprising by agreement, because neither mail nor the Internet existed then. It’s just that everywhere they could, the Novgorod tribute collectors were spread rot. And what was the tribute for? There is no protection from princes - not princes, but the most ordinary racketeers.

A.I. Ageev wrote: “The “overseas guests” – the Swedes, Norwegians and Finns – also robbed in the North. In the Tarasov archives there are memories of a village resident Ivan Vasilievich Lopatin, which were recorded and supplemented by his son Nikolai Ivanovich: the disease is “night blindness.” Considering this to be God's punishment, the invaders did not go further, and the hill where the village was located was called the “holy mountain”, “scrofula” - after the name “chicken disease”.

Em lived in Zaonezhye in the Onega basin, controlled the portage area from the river. Onega in the river. Emtsu, along which it was possible to get to the Northern Dvina. “Through the portage near the village of Pustynki, on the Onega River, crossing the Yemtsa River, they got into the Northern Dvina,” reports A.I. Ageev. However, the first documentary mention of the German settlement that has come down to us is contained in the hundredth book of Nikita Yakhontov in 1592. In the "Scribal Book" of Ivan Voeikov (1621–1622) this settlement is said: “In the Kargopol district in the Turchasovsky camp on the Onega River , on the Yemetsky portage, the wretched Annunciation monastery, and in that monastery the elder Osei lives in a cell. "Probably, only then, in the 16th century, Christian preachers began to penetrate these places and set up hermitages and monasteries here.

The last mention of the Yemi ethnos is found in chronicles in the first half of the 13th century. From the 12th century It became a bone of contention between Swedes and Novgorodians. During this struggle, part of the Emi went to Finland and, possibly, to Estonia. The other part stayed and mixed with the newcomers, adopted their language. The name of the river and two villages remained from the tribe that disappeared without a trace.

A settlement on the Yemtsa River, it now has about 1000 inhabitants. Photo from the site: http://velissa-heleha.livejournal.com/pics/catalog/264/30145

Novgorod ushkuiniki (robbers) in Zavolochye. Somehow they do not fit in with the official historical doctrine that already in the tenth century. the territory of the present Arkhangelsk region was settled by Novgorodians, annalistic reports of military clashes between Emi and Novgorodians. Until the XIII-XIV centuries. the local aborigines stubbornly resisted and even raided the Novgorod lands themselves. There were a lot of fortresses like the one shown in this picture in Zavolochye, but the chronicles are silent about them, and folk legends up to the 19th-20th centuries. no one recorded. Drawing from the site: http://mirnyi.prihod.ru/stranicy_istorii_razdel

A.A. Kuratov, I.M. Terebihin reports that the village of Ratonavolok near Yemetsk is associated in legends with fierce battles between the Chudskaya Yemi and the Novgorod Slavs. According to legend, the remnants of the tribe defeated by the Novgorodians “fled” from Yemtsy to the forest jungle of the right-bank Dvina and settled in the upper reaches of the Yula, Pokshenga and Nemnyuga rivers, merging with the “Pinezh Chud”. According to legend, military clashes with the Novgorodians were commonplace. And this is quite understandable. Novgorodians did not come to an empty wild place, but to Biarmia - the country of the Zavolochskaya Chud. After all, the "biarms" of the Scandinavian sagas are identical to the "emi" of the Russian chronicles. G.S. Lebedev places Biarmia between Lake Onega and the Northern Dvina - just in the habitat of the Emi ethnic group. By the way, the Veps recognize the Chud as their ancestors, and the entire Arkhangelsk land is dotted with Veps toponyms. The Veps settled in small "nests" along the rivers and lakes. Such "nests" of settlements, judging by toponyms and medieval written sources, existed in the basins of Onega, Northern Dvina, Vaga, Pinega, Mezen.

In 1869, A.G. Tyshinsky, who called it "chudsky". The first archaeological exploration of the settlement was carried out in 1896. In Soviet times, the settlement was studied by: K.P. Reva, L.S. Kititsyna, A.A. Kuratov, O.V. Ovsyannikov. There were found remains of log dwellings, remains of earthen fortifications, an iron battle axe, fragments of pottery, iron knives, fragments of a castle, fetters, kitchen utensils, stalk knives, rings, and forged nails. Remains of residential and utility buildings were found in the form of burnt and decayed crowns of wood, fragments of clay coating and ash-coal stains from the stove. The ancient settlement is located 1.5 km southeast of the village, near the confluence of the Vaimugi and Yemtsy rivers, and occupies the western part of the cape stretching between lakes Zadvorsky and Efanovsky. The town had an irregular shape in plan - 210x30 m. The thickness of the cultural layer here is from 0.4 to 2 m. to each other. Chopped cages measuring 3x2x1 m held back the sandy parapet of the rampart. Examination of the shaft led to the discovery of a log palisade in the form of stakes pointed downwards. At present, this settlement has been destroyed (A.G. Tyshinsky, 1871; K.P. Reva, 1896; O.V. Ovsyannikov, 1965, 1975; A.A. Kuratov, N.M. Terebikhin, 1970). (Information was used from the site: http://projects.pomorsu.ru).

The Finno-Ugric ethnic groups lived in large wooden houses, divided into rooms by partitions. More ancient are "long houses" with enfilade placement of premises. A house with a layout of housing + canopy + cage was widespread. Later, the crate began to turn into housing, and in the hallway they made a kitchen and a pantry. The Finno-Ugric type of house was described by me earlier (). Judging by the two types of houses that are found on the territory of Biarmia, two ethnic groups really lived and coexisted peacefully here: the Fino-Ugric and some other, but not Novgorod. I believe that this ethnic group was the northern sailors - the White Sea Rus.

Having met in Zavolochye the settlements of the aboriginal Lapps (Saami), the Finno-Ugrians - settlers from the Urals - part of the Lapps assimilated, and part was pushed to the north. But over time, they became Russified. The fair-haired and dark-haired Finno-Ugrians are probably descendants of different ethnic groups who came to Zavolochye in different streams and at different times, but having come here, for several millennia they interacted with each other and with the indigenous inhabitants of these places (more precisely, with the first settlers) - the Saami. I think that the dark-haired and brown-eyed Finno-Ugrians came from the southeast from the Kama basin, but the fair-haired, blue-eyed and taller ones migrated along the coast of the Kara, Barents and White Seas, going along the rivers quite far to the south. They were sea hunters and fishermen. Most likely, they came to Zavolochye earlier than the dark-haired ones, perhaps even simultaneously with the Saami. On the Chukotka Peninsula until the 20th century. two cultures coexisted and closely interacted - the Eskimos (sea hunters) and the Chukchi (reindeer herders). Something similar could have happened in the European north, where blond tall coast-dwellers coexisted with Sami reindeer herders.